Friday, November 29, 2019

U.S Postal Service As a Monopoly Essay Example For Students

U.S Postal Service As a Monopoly Essay In the United States economy most markets can be classified into fourdifferent markets structures. But, each and every market in the United Statesis completely unique from the others. Generally the best type of marketstructure for the general public is per-fect competition because it creates thelowest possible price for the public. There are some exceptions were perfectcompetition isnt the best choice for the public on account of various reasons. The United States Postal Service is one of them and since the Postal Service isa monopoly, it is its own market. This paper will discuss the budget dilemmasthat the postal service has faced for the past twenty years and if it is in thebest interest of the economy for the United States Postal Service to continue asa monopoly. The first time there was talk of privatizing the Postal Service wasin1979 when the Postal Service was losing vast amounts of money in the long run. We will write a custom essay on U.S Postal Service As a Monopoly specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But since the Postal Service is a necessity for America, the government had tosubsidize the service in order for it to continue in operation. In 1979 theUnited States Postal Service had a cash flow of $22.5 Billion and wasadditionally receiving $176 million from investing(#1, Intro). Even with thisadded revenue the Postal Service was still greatly under funded on its own (#1,Intro). During this time it was discussed to privatize the postal service andintroduce competition because of the extreme losses that the service wasexperiencing. A positive argument for privatizing the Postal Service was withnumerous competitors in the market there would be more efficiency and the publicwould receive lower prices. But this would also increase the usage of resources,for example airplanes and cars. One of the problems the Post Office had was itsreceipts from consumer purchases that were submitted the next day after thetransaction (#1, i). If the receipts were submitted earlier the postal servicewo uld receive more money because they could invest that money sooner (#1, i). Another way the Postal Service could increased profits was by competitivelyselecting banks that would give them higher interest rates and such (#1, ii). Probably the most relevant and final way to improve the budget of the PostalService is to improve the bookkeeping poli-cies and banking techniques (#1, ii). Not only did the Post Service propose to increase profits but they alsoproposed to cut costs in a number of ways. There were three methods that wereproposed in 1946 for the protection of salaries that no longer exists (#2,Intro). These have to do with the rural mail carriers. Under this antiquatedmethod of delivering mail the Postal Service was los-ing money to any mail thatwent to rural areas (#2, i) There are 48,000 mail carriers that deliver mailto millions of families that are considered to be living in rural settings; thiscosts the postal Service 858 million dollars a year (#2, i). This is a fairlyeasy problem to fix considering how much money is being lost. It was proposedthat money loss could be significantly cut down if the Postal Service correctedthe following problems. The rural mail carriers were assigned a certain amountof time to deliver to a specific rural area, this method was out of date andbecause of this the carriers have free time for which they got paid for (#2, i i). The next problem was that other mail routes based pay on how many miles theroute covered, so the carriers were getting paid by the mile (#2, iii). Withthis problem fixed the Postal Service could saved 26.8 million a year (#2, iii). .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 , .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .postImageUrl , .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 , .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:hover , .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:visited , .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:active { border:0!important; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:active , .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0 .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub5d1bab83affc8e092074715f5cba0b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confederate States Of America EssayThere was also an hourly rate that was in effect which indirectly promotedinefficient service (#2, iii). A stop to this could have saved the PostalService $255,000 a year (#2, iii). From the num-bers mentioned above, it can beseen why the United States Postal Service was losing so much money. These problems did indeed eventually did get solved over the pastfifteen years and now the Postal Service is making record breaking profits. Nowin the first quarter of the fiscal year 1996 the Postal Service already has anet income of $1.2 billion (#3, 1). Now not only is the Postal Service justbreaking even, but they are also making a profit. On top of that, the 1.2billion dollar figure is 115 billion dollars better then the quarterly forecastpredicted (#3,1). It is incredible that they are not only making a reasonableprofit but it is increasing over the years.The Postal Service is also nowreducing debts.An example of this is when the Postal Service redeemed a 1.5billion dollar loan two years in advance which will save them 22 million dollarsof interest in the next two years (#3,1). The Postal Service isnt stopping with the revenue that it is receivingnow. The Postal Service is planning to increase its international revenues of$1.2 billion by twice the amount in the next five years and ten-fold by the year2005 (#5, 1). The Postal Service is continually working to streamline theiroperations for the future that they are now run-ning. The Postal Service iscontinualy looking to cut back on borrowing money. All of the recent financialborrowing has been through the Federal Financing Bank, but the Postal Servicenow is looking into outside sources, such as bonds in the public markets (#5, 2). Business are starting to get jealous of the Postal Service because ofthe great prof-its it is experiencing. The Postal Service is now making a majorimpact on the United States Economy (#6, 1). Business are pointing out that in1995 the Postal Service had records of $1.8 billion in net income and a 1.7billion dollar debt reduction (#6, 1). The $54 billion revenue that the PostalService is bringing in would put them in 12th place on the Fortune 500 list and33rd on the Fortune Global 500, with the worlds largest corpora-tions (#6,1). Arecent study showed that domestic direct mail sales were at $333 billion in theyear 1994 (#6,1). This figure is expected to reach over $500 billion by theyear 2000 (#6,1)It can be seen throughout this paper how the United States PostalService in-creased profits and does not have to borrow as much money as before. It seems that the Postal Service is doing just fine while it is a monopoly. Butthere are still two arguments for and against the Postal Service continuing toremain a monopoly. On one side compe-tition is thought to make industries inthe market more efficient and practice more innova-tive (#4, 1). But on theother hand the competition is also thought to lead to a wide-spread creamskimming, with the postal service left only the high-cost, unprofitable mar-kets(#4, 1). So who is to know which market would be better for the American econ-omy as far as the Postal Service goes. But it is speculated if the UnitedStates Postal Service does keep increasing its profits over the years, maybe itwill be privatized. Bibliography1) United States. General Accounting Office, Changes in the U.S. PostalServices cash management practices could increase income and reduce cost:report / by the U.S. General Accounting Office, Washington: General AccountingOffice,,19792) United States. General Accounting Office, Changes needed in the UnitedStates Postal Services rural carrier pay systems: report / by the U.S. GeneralAccount-ing Office, Washington: General Accounting Office, 19783) http://www.usps.gov/news/press/96/96002new.htm4) http://nutcweb.tpc.nwu.edu/research/abstracts/i.2.html5) http://www.usps.gov/news/press/95/95090new.htm6) http://www.usps.gov/news/press/95/95095new.htmCategory: History

Monday, November 25, 2019

Care plan- Mental health Essays

Care plan- Mental health Essays Care plan- Mental health Essay Care plan- Mental health Essay Concept Map Care Plan E. T/49yr. old female, white Attempted Suicide/Bipolar Disorder Depression/Alcoholism/Herniated Disc Nrsg DX #1 (Psycho social) Supporting Data: (Include subjective, objective, lab, diagnostic, pharmacologic and other data which supports your use of this diagnosis. ) Long Term Goal: Short-term goals: Nursing Interventions: Summary of patient progress: Risk for Suicide related to suicide attempt Patient attempted suicide 4x in the last 3 years. Patient states she wants help, wants to be sober. Patient identified stressors (death of brother, abusive father, mother enabler, sister an addict) and uses alcohol binging as coping mechanism. Patient currently prescribed Depakote 1500mg/day, Celaxa 40mg PO am. Patient also stated she takes vicodin for pain due to herniated disc. Patient will recover from suicidal episode. Patient will describe available resources Patient will be med compliant. Patient will refrain from harming self. Patient will identify alternate coping strategies. Patient will find AA program and recovery site. Administer meds, assess suicide ideation, assess moods. Make short-term contract with patient to refrain from harming self. Monitor behavior. Identify alternate coping strategies for patient, identify community resources to help patient. Goal met: Patient states no thoughts of suicide ideation. Patient identifies crisis prevention resources. Patient expresess positive feelings about self. Plan to be continued. Prognosis is good. Patient has identified Star of Hope halfway house where she can ive and attend AA treatment group milieu therapy. Risk for Ineffective Coping related to personal vulnerability Patient states that she had a good Job in IT, but lost shortly after bipolar diagnosis. Finances are getting low, causes anxiety. She was also seeing a psychiatrist that prescribed her Klonopin (prn). (Suicide attempt was OD of Klonopin vicodin, mixed with alcohol). Patient is concerned about herniated discs. Patient stated that she needs to change her circle of friends. Doesnt need drinking buddies. Tried an AA rogram in River Oaks, didnt feel that she fit in there. Patient uses alcohol and pills to deal with anxiety. Patient describes emotions triggered by illness or personal crisis and usual coping behaviors. Patient describes one difficult interpersonal situation that was solved by identifying the problem and choosing alternative way to communicate and take action. Patient will identify effective and ineffective coping techniques. Patient will express understanding of the relationship btn emotional state and behavior.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Find two Peer-Viewed Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Find two Peer-Viewed Articles - Essay Example IJCC determination is to lay emphasis on all features of cyber/internet crime, Controlling Cyber space, Practices of Cyber Crime, the effect of Cybercrimes in the typical world, ,Cyber-terrorism, Cyber Victims, the existing global viewpoints of Cyber Crime, development of cyber safety strategies, invasion of investigations, Cyber offender conducts, security of information that is online among other aspects of cybercrime. The UK Defence Assessment in 2010 made it vivid on the actual anxieties that Britain may perhaps be facing a new threat from cyber-terrorists. Indeed, radical groups and other groups are progressively using cyberspace for terrorist dedications, this has resulted to big role that the Internet has in the terrorist activities, and terrorists are capable of playing the character of aggressive performers who are prepared to do mass bloodshed and damage of properties via the help technological resources. This hazard has steered too many inquiries for instance, the meaning of the term cyber-terrorism? This viewed article scrutinizes the instance for â€Å"two schools of thought†. It achieves that the present situation of terrorism offers more sustenance for the Weimann point of view, that things may perhaps change in case terrorists are provided more applicable training and expertise in

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Analysis of Sustainability in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Sustainability in Practice - Essay Example As a technology company, Siemens worldwide aims to capture opportunities for sustainable advancement of customers and the organization. Corporate social responsibility generates sustained value for the betterment of society. Siemens is a future-oriented company which believes in sustainable development and responsibilities towards the society and has undergone out of the way to fulfill its commitment to the welfare of people, earth and the business. Sustainable development is beautifully explained as â€Å"Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Grayson et. al 2012). Sustainability is seen as the eco-development approach for the preservation of resources. Moreover, social responsibility is an obligation to assume corporate duties for the welfare of society (Ebner & Baumgartner 2006). Seeking economic benefits stays as the mission for the existence of any business. However, CSR provides societal development which in directly supports the motive of the business. By long-term value creation for the society, businesses fulfill their duty as a member and contribute to the growth of the firm. Proponents of sustainable development suggest that resources are scarce so sustainable use is crucial for growth otherwise the quality of life will worsen (Blewitt 2008). For instance, if a tree is slashed without planting another one, this will eventually turn a forest into a desert. The issue of sustainability has become even more challenging with the massive growth in population because it will raise the consumption and demand for resources. Sustainability involves a firm commitment towards needs of the poor along with economic and social improvement and also realizing the limited nature of resources. Corporate Social Responsibility is an ethical  obligation to the community at large.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Case Study 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study 1 - Assignment Example This paper will examine how ideas can be extended to businesses, and marketing strategies that attract consumers to products. Through virtual sales representatives, the Laguna Beach experiment was keen to attract people to brands. Some well-known brands use virtual representation to promote their products and services. Once customers get to such informative stages, they are keener as to what an organization is promoting through such means. Virtually, many people are attracted to the ideas presented. Young people get to experience the new technology and are fascinated. The personal level appears as one gets to a local area where many people go to socialise and have fun. This is at the beach where it is an everyday occurrence to have people from diverse regions showing up to enjoy themselves (Klaassen, 2007). The Bank of America from the Internet reached out to older women with children that did not have time to get to the bank. This personal touch indicated that women could open new accounts from the internet, and still have time with their children. What the bank decided to do was a step in attracting more clients, and retaining the ones they had initially. By rounding off the customers’ savings to the nearest dollar, they were guaranteed customer loyalty, and the emergence of a new base of clients (Ante, 2006). Through another outreach program, the bank called on its customers to participate in some activity that could help them find loose change. Through this program, the bank claimed enormous success and this personal venture added to their credibility. Business buyers can use such strategies to attract clients. One strategy that a business buyer can use is the constant use of the internet to attract clientele. This strategy is usually vital in shaping a business venture. The technological age is growing and expanding at a rapid speed (Cunningham, 1995). This implies that almost everyone in the world

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Multimedia Using Adobe After Effects Computer Science Essay

Multimedia Using Adobe After Effects Computer Science Essay Increase in technology making wider use of multimedia and its applications. For a good presentation multimedia is used to present in very effective and innovative way. Every internet technology makes use of this multimedia. To bring a good output in any broadcasting medias multimedia is used. In general the term multimedia has many definitions; each author denotes it in their own ways. According to J Grimes it is The combination of two or more media(J Grimes,1998). Media can be anything like audio, video, graphics, images, text etc. Multimedia is in the form of global hierarchical system, the software of this applications provides direct communication to their users. Multimedia is used not only in internet but also in intranet like LAN (Local Area Networks). To get the information or to access the remote systems or servers the request or information must pass through multimedia to the networks. Because before sending the data to the network the media files should be compressed with the help of multimedia to avoid the communication delay. At the receiving end some of the constraints like delay, jitter will be used for the effective transmission of audio and video files. This is the reason why communications network technologies are increasing rapidly. To produce an effective animation with good effects multimedia and its applications are widely used. To produce good effects there are many versions and softwares available in the market. Of them Adobe After Effects is the one which produces affective result (CH Wu, 2009). The earlier version of After effects is CoSA which came in January 1993 supports only MAC (Adobe, 2008). From then to till now many versions were evolved with adding extra features to the existing. Some emerged versions supports only MAC systems some are compatible with WINDOWS operating system; some are with command prompt like UNIX and LINUX. There are also versions which also support both the operating systems. The Prior version of CoSA was later in 1994 attained by the Adobe Company (Adobe, 2008). From then, that brand released many versions including Page Maker and Adobe After Effects. The primary use of Adobe After effects is to create motion graphics and visual effects, which allows user to alter, animate and composite media in 2D and 3D space with its various built-in tools and plug-ins. After effects and some NLEs (Non Linear Editing systems) are layer oriented this means each and every object media has its own individual tracks. In contrast this also has track oriented system which means all media objects fall in to same track without overlapping each other. This makes editing easier and can comprise with less efforts. There are different software packages available to support not only small volumes of media objects, but also support large volumes of data. The better suited software for large volume data is Appleshake. Using Shy switch adobe After effects will oppose the clutter selectively by hiding the layers (Adobe, 2008). The main interface consists of several panels of them the three most important are Project Panel, Composition Panel and Timeline Panel. The Project panel acts as interface to import stills, audio and video footage items. The footage items used here are in the time line panel, where timing and layer order can be adjusted. In composition panel the items visible at the current time marker are displayed. This report starts by giving a brief knowledge about the multimedia and its applications, Adobe After effects. Later discusses about the existing features in After effects and future advancements for the same. Finally the summary includes. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW To support each and every common individual need multimedia is used. So, todays globalised world is known as The world of Multimedia(Slawson, 1993). The features of multimedia are used not only for creation of movies or for animation with good effects. This is also used in many organisations for communicating over the networks. As electronic process for teaching technologies is becoming more expensive, an interactive process of learning method was introduced through multimedia (Slawson, 1993). Interactive learning multimedia is treated as process, rather than the technology which always provides potential knowledge for the updated technologies (Slawson, 1993). To create such classes in interactive and effective way Adobe after effects is used. Adobe is used to create, edit and alter the motion graphics for DVD, video, Film etc. The latest versions of Adobe has many more extra features which gives good composting and resulting in a blockbuster results. Though multimedia is expensive t o learn, the significance of it is increasing day by day because of its enormous effects and capability. So many people are showing interest towards learning the same. To become a multimedia professional no prior qualifications are required. There are no age or gender constraints, so anyone can become professional in this at anytime. Innovation of ideas is important here because to edit an existing graphical image or to create new motion picture creativity is important. Composting software packages like Apple shake are used to create a node or workflow process. Each package has its own importance the importance of those and its features will be discussed in detail in the coming sections. Multimedia In todays world the term multimedia is used very often. Till now there is no standard definition of multimedia each author describes it in their own convenient way (B Furht, 1998). The term media refers to a form of human interaction that is amenable to computer capture processing such as audio, video, graphics, text, images etc and the term multi refers to the combination of the media present in a single application( B Furht, 1998). Multimedia Compression and Technologies Standards There are many widely accepted technologies in the world of multimedia, every day many new technologies are emerging in to the market. So, the importance of products changes from day to day life. But all emerged and existing products are based on some standards which are used for compression. Let us now discuss in brief about some of those standards and products like Quick Time player, Video for Windows, Indeo [1] ( Intel Video) (CH Wu, 2009). There are also some new and basic standards like ISO (International Standard Organisation) and MHEG (Multimedia and Hypermedia Information Coding Expert Group) (CH Wu, 2009). Basing on these standards the compression techniques follows. 2.1.1(A) Quick Time Player Quick Time is a basic technology developed by Apple Computers (CH Wu, 2009). The format of this media is compatible with almost all Operating systems like Linux, Windows (NT/95/XP/7) and for all apple computers (CH Wu, 2009). This technology is the most commonly accepted mass storage for multimedia communications. The media format of this supports MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) which is an ISO- standard, Indeo (Intel Video). This also supports the photo CD format for Kodaks and MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) (CH Wu, 2009). The main intention behind developing this technology is such that it can be used by anyone without any charge. So it is a trusted player which can be easily downloaded from the internet with free of cost. 2.1.1 (B) Video for Windows The technology Video for Windows (VFW) was developed by Microsoft especially for Windows environment (95/NT/XP). After this technology Active Movie emerged with in no time this replaced VFW and designed in such a way that it supports the VFW technology (CH Wu, 2009).Then after multimedia world has experienced an excellent technology which not only supports video but also audio files and that file is AVI( Audio Video Interleave). These file formats play back with a small size of 320240 pixels (quarter VGA screen) using the software. If the processor is of Intel versions it plays with the size of 640480 pixels (quarter VGA screen) because Intel computer can able to cope up with good graphics accelerator by using run length encoding method to compress the information(CH Wu, 2009). In addition to it, this also supports player formats like quick time and Indeo by using video compression algorithms. 2.1.1 (C) Indeo (Intel Video) The basic intention behind developing this product is not only to play back audio and video files, but also to store it on a personal Computer (PC). So this was originally developed by the David Samoff research Center for the conversion of NTSC (National Television System Committee) analog signal in to digital video signal (CH Wu, 2009). The software of this may be a choice for compression in Quick time and Video for Windows. The major comparison among the above two technologies and Indeo product is Quick time and VFW will be compressed by the software and hardware will be used for Indeo which achieves higher frame rate with better resolutions. For compression of Indeo through hardware the requirements are a PC size card using DVI (Digital Video Interface) technology which is based on 1750 chipset of Intel (CH Wu, 2009). Indeo uses the Compression technique called Vector Quantization with run length coding in the ratio of 160:1. Video Conferencing is the major application of Indeo wh ich can store minimum of 70 minutes video in a CD-ROM. Based on Video Conferencing application Intel has launched one more product named PCWG (Personal Conferencing Work Group). The compression technique used here is software instead of hardware to cope up with reasonable cost. Intel has developed many products based on different standards. As Indeo is based on Vector Quantization it works much faster than MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) and H.261.This is an ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication) Video Conferencing standard based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) (CH Wu, 2009). 2.1.1 (D) MHEG (Multimedia and Hypermedia Information Coding Expert Group) To control the presentations of multimedia and hypermedia MHEG is a standard prepared by ISO for a set of object classes. To support the multi vendor client or server environment MHEG-5 technique was introduced (CH WU, 2009). Vendors who developed applications in this environment have feasibility that application can be developed once and later information can be interchangeable according to the end user (client/vendor) environment. MHEG has additional multimedia handling capabilities like it is used for representation between different computers and compatible with all typ0e of OS, has 3 different spatial coordinates compared to HTML (Hypertext Markup language). This is good at time synchronisation. ARMIDA service which is a product prototype developed for video conferencing (CH WU, 2009). COMPRESSION STANDARDS There are many widely accepted compression standards like GIF (Graphical Information Format) which is mostly used for internet services and ISO (International standard Organization) standard for high quality of delivery. This report illustrates about the two major ISO compression standards which are accepted worldwide. 2.1.2(A) JPEG (Joint Picture Expert Group) This standard is used for compressing and decompressing the colour or gray scale images which was set by ISO standard. JPEG is used for compressing the still pictures like images, graphics, colour FAX, audio graphical conference, desktop publishing etc. The standards of JPEG follow four coding processes. Base Line System: This is a simple and efficient system which is suitable for many of the applications. To encode the data it uses sequential coding which means data passes in a single through which produces 8 bit resolution for each input (CH WU, 2009). Extended System: The extended system improves the quality of base line system by producing 12 resolution bits. For encoding the data is uses arithmetic coding by progressive build-up. This progresses low frequency blurred image to higher frequency quality image and successive approximation for most significant to least significant bits (CH Wu, 2009). Progressive build-up is suitable for communication sensitive applications. Arithmetic encoding compresses almost 5-10% better when compared with Huffman coding. Hierarchical encoding method: The name itself indicates it is hierarchical, so it build-up the data from low to high. This means it follows the pyramid shape model form low pixels to high pixels. It uses DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) encoding method for comparison between current and succeeding frame (CH Wu, 2009). This supports both 8 and 12 bit resolutions. Lossless Method: This is widely used in medical applications where exact reconstruction of the image is required. Each pixels digital value can be 2 or 16 bits. It supports sequential encoding and also user has a choice of selecting encoding methods either arithmetic or Huffman coding (CH Wu, 2009). This does not make use of DCT. Fig 1: Block Diagram of JPEG compression scheme [http://www.design-reuse.com/articles/17954/jpeg-application-engine.html] 2.1.2(B) MPEG (Motion Picture Expert Group) The MPEG standard was developed by the ISO/ JTC1/SC29/ WG11 for compressing motion pictures in contrast to JPEG which is used for still images (CH Wu, 2009). MPEG standards specify and concentrate on decoding process with bit syntax format. It leaves a separate space for encoding process. This has two standards MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 in addition to this there is one more standard which is under progress MPEG-4. Let us discuss in brief about the same. MPEG-1: For compressing video on digital storage like CD-ROM MPEG-1 is used (CH Wu, 2009). In storage media the compression is rate about 1 to 1.5 Mbps (Mega bit per second) and in communication networks its range is about 6 to 9 with compression ratio of approximately 130:1. MPEG-2: In addition to the video compression on media it also used for compressing interlaced digital video in cable, satellite TV, HDTV (High Definition TV), High- quality digital storage media and video service through communications with range of [6-9]. The compression ratio of this is 30-100:1 (CH Wu, 2009). MPEG-4: This is a long term project which was started in 1993 with the expected completion year as 1998 (CH Wu, 2009). This sets for all type of applications and has advanced coding method. It has got the following features in addition to the compression potential. Content based scalability and error prone environments have universal access capabilities by providing good robustness. Content based interactivity for multimedia access, manipulation and bit-stream editing (CH Wu, 2009). In addition to this it has coding methods like hybrid natural and synthetic methods with improved random access which is temporary. In MPEG-4 MSDL ( MPEG-4 Syntactic Description Language ) was introduced to describe the flexibility of bit stream structure, configuring, decoding of the program, selecting, describing, editing, and downloading. MSDL include tools, profiles and algorithms. Profile may be a single or combinations of one or more algorithms. Algorithm is a collection of tools for providing one or more functionality. Tools are simple and basic technique (CH Wu, 2009). Syntax of MSDL layer FLEX 0 This is used in switching between pre-defined algorithms like MPEG-1, MPEG-2, JPEG, etc (CH Wu, 2009). FLEX 1 This syntax is for configuring decoders using standard tools like DCT and Huffman coding (CH Wu, 2009). FLEX 2 used for tool updating and downloading (CH Wu, 2009). Fig 2: Block Diagram of MPEG encoder [http://www.altera.com.cn/end-markets/broadcast/delivery/encoder/bro-encoder.html] Multimedia Applications Now-a-days we can find the use of multimedia in not only media, entertainment and arts field but also in almost all places and in all services like hospitals, government organisations. Its also used in the field of education departments like physics, mathematics etc. The following are some of the important applications of multimedia. Commercial Purpose Creativity is most widely useful in these areas because for doing any type of business a good popularity is vital. For launching a product a good advertisement is necessary where in which creativity should be used here to deal with. Education To make the classes interactively for the students multimedia is used by giving SFX and VFX effects. Entertainment Multimedia is basically developed for this field where different types of media are included. Used to create animation movies, multimedia games. Many video games include multimedia techniques which are a good time pass and in addition to it this improves the knowledge of the player. Multimedia games can be available through online to play or it can also be obtained through CDs. In Mathematical and Scientific field Multimedia has extensive range of use in the research field. Because after creation of a particular molecule or a single substance using multimedia that molecule will be studied by enlarging the size or increasing the properties of it. In this way multimedia will also be used in the field of calculations. For creation of any visual or animation graphics the most commonly used effects are special effects popularly known as SFX and visual effects named as VFX. To edit these there are many editing softwares available of them the most popular editing software is Adobe After Effects which commonly known as AE. Adobe After Effects (AE) Adobe After effects is mainly used for workflow process management for colour processing. To achieve a perfect quality of colour blended emotions or graphics to the images AE is used. The currently used software for editing in version of AE is AECS5. Prior to this there are many previous versions which are used for colour blending process. The basic version of Adobe is CoSA and the code name for it is egg in the year of 1993 in January (Adobe, 2008). The features of this are mask with layered compositing, effects, keyframes, transforms (Adobe, 2008). In the same year but in the month of May one more version of it is released but with extended features. Both versions of these CoSA1.0 and 1.1 support MAC operating system (Adobe, 2008). From then to till now there have been many technologies and versions evolved. The report concentrates on AE and its versions. Adobe After Effects CS5 To succeed in todays media culture visual richness and outstanding performance is required which can be obtained through CS5. Its new 64-bit native support helps most of the computers to work more efficiently with complex projects like HD, 2k and 4K. A broad range of innovative features from the new roto brush allows for creating the stream line of workflow. This enables to create ordinary graphics in to extra ordinary graphics which results in blockbuster effects while delivering the work with variety of screens. 2.3.1(A) Features of CS5 64-bit performance support: To craft complex 3D scenes it works flexibly with all types of available RAM and different types of processors (Adobe, 2008). It is easy to work on large frames, camera moves, preview of long deep layered composites, a single layer can be viewed in to different types of output format. The four colour channels of this are red, blue, green, alpha. Fig 3: 64-bit native support [http://www.attotech.com/solutions/Adobe/] Format memory requirements standard definition 720486 pixels x 4 color channels* x 8 bpc =1.33 megabytes/frame10 seconds @ 29.97 fps = 398.6MB (Adobe, 2008) high definition 19201080 pixels x 4 color channels* x 16 bpc =15.82 megabytes/frame10 seconds @ 23.976 fps = 3.7GB (Adobe, 2008). Digital cinema 40962304 pixels x 4 color channels* x 32 bpc =144 megabytes/frame10 seconds @ 24 fps =33.75GB (Adobe, 2008). Visual Innovation: After Effects CS5 includes Mocha for After Effects CS5 v2 with the Mocha Shape plug-in, Color Finesse 3, and Digieffects FreeForm (Adobe, 2008). As these are third party plug-ins included with CS5 the user interface was installed in only English language. Efficient Composition: Performs composite productions very faster with maximum bit depth rate because of the new roto brush tool. There is a new support for colour LUTs (Look Up Table) and other breakthroughs. Production of pipelines was excellent and in complex digital workflow productions good support of XMP metadata is important.CS5 completely uses innovation of technology everywhere (Adobe, 2008). Deliver everywhere: Work with a wider range of media types-now including AVC-Intra and expanded RED camera support-and render the final results in formats from mobile media to feature films at maximum bit depth and resolution, using industry-unique colour management and new custom Colour Look-Up Table (LUT) support to help ensure accurate results across a variety of delivery platforms (Adobe, 2008). The Adobe After effects not only works well in Windows environment but also it is compatible also with MAC and can produce good result. The Roto brush tool is a very powerful tool which separates foreground and background and chooses which environment and position of scale sets to fix the image. If drawing a position of image is unsure then positioning an outline on the picture with roto brush gives good result. The digieffects which is a free from effects which gives 3D modelling effects. 3. RESEARCH In multimedia applications the effects used are like SFX and VFX to edit this Adobe after effects are used. The following are the key point which I found in my research on this topic. Adobe After Effects is an application which is used for 3D Compositing and as well as visual effects. It is one of the most top10 compositing software. Well coming to software, there are more drawbacks on that compare to newer versions. Newer application is more user friendly and more reliable compare to previous versions. It supports all types of major media formats for both import and export. In newer version i.e., After Effects CS5, it only supports 64bit Os. So application can take more memory from Os which support up to 64GB of memory. So that huge amount of data can be accessed through local HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and also from network. The speed of the drive can be experienced by using 1Gbps of LAN. But in this the main issue is multitask cannot be performed. This means at a time only application can be run and processed. Due to this backlog, working on more files at a time is not possible so the process becomes time consuming one. The drawback of this issue can be overcome by installing the application and plugins which we used in more than one application. But it takes 2-3Hrs of time moreover it is a time consuming program. In addition to it one user cant work on multiple projects/files at a time. 4. PROPOSED SOLUTION To overcome the delay process, there is a trick which should be followed to open multiple applications. The trick is as follows. I.e., just add the letter -M after the path at target tab. The image is as follows. Using this script multiple applications can be opened at a time which works faster and also save the time depending on the configuration of the user machine. If the machine is of good configuration a very good quality of speed can be experienced. Fig4:Explanation of Multi Application 4.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Adobe After Effects CS5 boost the performance and results in a high quality of production. Its features like roto brush tool used to create and separate foreground and background images without much time. Its third party plug-ins increases robustness and efficiency of the program. Its 64-bit native support makes the process compatible with all type of processors. Use good colour blending and movie rendering techniques which gives good effects with innovation of ideas. This also supports auto key frame modes and provides flexibility to customer or client for choosing his own colour Look Up Tables (LUT). In any product there are not only advantages but also we can find disadvantages. This paragraph discusses all about the disadvantages of CS5. For installing CS5 the OS should support some features like OSx10.5.7 (Adobe, 2008). As this supports 64-bit native support every third party plug-in of it should be upgraded to the same. This is not only time taking process but also costly process. CS5 is not compatible with older versions so every time backward version like CS4 must be installed in addition to the CS5. This makes to work on the current projects without difficulty. Installing on a single PC two or more versions decreases the speed of the processor as older versions works only on 32-bit applications. For AE lights and other 3D layers there is no real interaction of 3D. So the lights and 3D layers should be applied separately in Photoshop this is another important drawback which should be considered. 5. CONCLUSION This report describes briefly about the multimedia and its applications. A very clear and basic explanation about working flow of Adobe After Effects and its current version CS5 which is popularly known as AECS5. This paper also discusses about the problem of opening multi applications at a time and provided the solution for the same. The detailed explanation about the roto brush tool and its importance is provided. This research has clearly explained the merits and demerits of AE (AE CS5). As the technology has good advancements in day to day life the long term project which is still in progress should come out with good advancements. The future advancements of this technology can be upgrading the software with built in lights and 3D effects with good real 3D interaction. CS5 must be compatible with backward versions of CS like CS4 and Cs3. In addition to this there can be many future advancements based on the technology developed. (4300 words excluded references and index) ABBREVIATIONS LAN- Local Area Network AE- Adobe After Effects NLE- Non Linear Editing Systems DVD- Digital Video Disk INDEO- Intel Video MHEG-Multimedia Hypermedia Information Coding Expert Group MIDI- Musical Instrument Digital Interface VFW- Video For Windows AVI- Audio Video Interface DVI- Digital Video Interface MPEG- Motion Picture Expert Group JPEG- Joint Picture Expert Group ITU-T International Telecommunication Union- Telecommunication DCT- Discrete Cosine Transform HTML- Hyper Text Markup Language GIF- Graphical Interchange Format ISO- International Standard Organisation HDTV- High Definition TV MSDL- MPEG-4 Syntactic Description Language SFX- Special Effects VFX- Visual Effects LUT- Look Up Table

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Themes In A Farewell To Arms :: essays research papers

A Farewell To Arms: Themes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three major themes in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms. The first themeis enduring love ended only by mortality. The second, the effects of war on a man’s ideals and morals, things which people can and do believe during war. The last and most important theme is Frederic Henry’s disillusionment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemingway shows that love can persevere in a world ruined with war. Frederic is not looking for love, and when Rinaldi introduces him to Catherine Barkley, he thinks of her as merely a sexual conquest. Henry considers his flirting with Catherine â€Å"like moves in a chess game.†. Henry thinks Catherine is a little bit crazy, and both admit they are acting. At the front, Henry realizes he is lonely without her and misses her. But it is not until he meets her, after he is wounded and sent to an American hospital, that he realizes he loves her. Henry admits he didn’t want to fall in love with her, but even so he has. Their love continues to grow during his stay at the hospital. Their relationship is unusual since they rarely argue. Their ideal relationship provides them with refuge from the war. However, love, has it’s limit, mortality. Henry leaves for the front again he suggests that their romance is only ended by death. He notices because of his love he has become gentle. When he deserts and returns to Catherine he finds comfort, order, and courage. He says, foreshadowing the end of their love, â€Å"If people bring so much courage to this world the world has to kill them to break them, so of course it kills them.†. Henry has become dependent on Catherine. His love for her is strong enough to ease his disillusionment In Chapter 41 their baby is born dead. Henry hopelessly watches as Catherine dies and he is left without comfort or hope.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry’s ideals and morals change during the novel. He begins to question the legal and immoral theories of the war and replace them with illegal but moral ideas. For instance, in Chapter 7 Henry meets a soldier who wants to be taken to a hospital which is against the rules. At first Henry objects, but when the soldier asks him â€Å"You wouldn’t want to go in the line all the time, would you?†, he answers no and decides to return later and pick him up. Henry has been unable to find new morals, since he has lost faith in what the leaders proclaim. Another example is the Romantic ideology of the time, the belief

Monday, November 11, 2019

Light and colour

Are cardinal in the manner we Light and coloring materials have the ability to hold a profound consequence on the we perceive and synergistic with our environment, set uping us holistically, in head, organic structure, and spirit. Changing the manner we experience infinite, altering our perceptual experience of spacial definition and proportion. Light and color service as mediums for communicating and information. They aid orientation and influence motion ; differentiate infinite, set up hierarchy and indicate map ; conveys symbolic messages ; they are an look of the Zeitgeist and link us to the universe in which we live. Light and coloring materials have major impacts on our psychologically act uponing our emotion, feeling and making associations, physiologically impacting on our wellbeing on both a ocular and non ocular footing.Piturity secretory organ etc. ?One would normally tie in the above entirely with the sense of sight but both light and color induce synaesthesia, arousing associations with senses such as gustatory sensation, odor, kinaesthesia, temperature and harmonizing to some even consequence our perceptual experience of clip. The manner we comprehend and experience visible radiation and color it more complex than a simple optical stimulation. Our perceptual experience is a consequence of interplay of both physiological and the psychological factors in the witting and subconscious. We have many prepossessions and prepossessions and visible radiation and coloring material which can be formed through personal experience, be a consequence of cultural influences and/or eduction or be portion of familial make up, developed over 1000000s of twelvemonth of development. There are six basic interdependent factors which combine to give us are perceptual experience of visible radiation and coloring material, biological reactions ; the corporate unconscious ; witting symbolism and association ; cultural and idiosyncrasies ; tendencies, manners and manners ; and personal relationships and factorsBiological Chemical reactionOur biological reactions occurs non merely as a consequence of the ocular tract. Light and therefore color aslo consequence us a through nervous tract or ‘energitic ‘ tract. Through the energietic tract visible radiation and coloring material stiumli are carried straight to the encephalon and onto the pineal and putrity secretory organs, which control the production of endocrines. This in bend can consequence the likes of, metamorphosis, blood force per unit area, emphasis and aggression.The Collective Unconsciousthe corporate unconscious refers to perceptual experience which is non rationalised by our witting ideas or our ain personal experiences. Harmonizing to Jungian psycholgy â€Å" the corporate unconscious is the portion of our psche that has nil to make with witting or unconscious reaction based on personal experience amessed during our life clip † The corporate unconscious consists of architypes, aboriginal and latent images, feelings and associations, in our gentic do up. Sensitivities devloped thorugh 1000000s of old ages development and the development of our species and do us to construe the environment in same manner our predecessor The writers Hall and Nordby depict it as: â€Å" the corporate unconscious is a reservoir of latent images, normally called aboriginal images by Jung. Aboriginal mean the ‘first ‘ or the ‘original ‘ therefore the aboriginal image refer to the earliest development of the mind. Man inherits these images from his hereditary yesteryear, a past that includes all of human ascendants every bit good as his prehuman or carnal ascendants. † add more?Conscious SymbolismFunadmental associations and feelings made in the witting. There are many associations to certain coloring material with are universally, and are read the same no affair the civilization or eduction, for illustration xanthous with light, bluish with the Sun and green with nature. The symbolism of the visible radiation and coloring material can be particulary important in the field of architecture due to there connects to arousing temper and feeling. Light and color suggest heat or imperturbability, alter one perceptual experience of whether a room is friendly, etcCultural influencesAlthough there are many coloring materials associations which are cosmopolitan, we must besides see how different civilization have different associations for some colorss. For illustration Japanese civilization tends to be more antiphonal to softer colorss, prehaps this relates to a greater grasp of materiality. Indian civilization on the other manus has a greater affinity to loud, bright and graphic color. There are besides certain colorss which gain greater significance in a certain coloring material. An illustration of this is the spiritual importance of green in Islam.Tendencies Fashion and StyleOur reading and perfernces of coloring material can impact by what is in trend at a peculiar clip. Tendencies in the reinforced environment tend to alter on a less regular footing than in other. Although responsing to tendencies in designer and interior design may non ensue in making the most good environmets as different enviroments have different demands, tendencies can be of import in bring forthing a sense of zeigheist. Such as?Personal Relationships and FactorsOur relationship to infinite is extremely influenced by personal and subjective factors such as personal dispostion and specific personal experience, for illustration one would normally tie in blue with imperturbability but if burnt by a bluish object may bring on an connexion to heat. Other personal factors can alter perceptual e xperiences of light coloring materials include sensitiveness, age, character and disposition and are physical and psychological brand up. Colour psychological science can be separated in to interlinked subdivisions, applied color psychological science and ‘depth color psychological science ‘ applied color psychological science is the 1 that by and large applies to architecture. It deals with the execution of the preset psychological effects to make a spacial atmosphere to bring forth psychical benefits therefore physiological benefits, or to convey a specific imagination. More?Symbolism and imagination of visible radiation and coloring material.â€Å" For it is through symbols that adult male finds his manner out of his peculiar state of affairs and ‘opens himself ‘ to the general and the universal. Symbols awaken an single experience and transmit into a religious act, into a metaphysical comprehension of the universe † – Mircea Eliade For 1000s of old ages natural visible radiation has been used for its powerful associations, for early adult male light held more significance than possibly any other clip, it was the giver of life and revered to the extent of idolizing the Sun. Its significance nevertheless has diminished particularly since the invasion of unreal visible radiation Light can be regarded as metaphorical in raising ideas of another topographic point or impression. It can be symbolic, stand foring something else frequently that which immaterial such as eternity, and frequently symbolic of that which we do non to the full comprehend. Light has the quality to bring forth a power passing province of being.For nexus to times season Zeitgeist?Dark is besides of import in this experience non merely as a contrast excessively dark but in its ain symbolism and representations, and the provinces of head it creates, the deficiency of light suppress the ocular, rising the other senses. Strong darkness presents the unknown taking to provinces of apprehensiveness, malaise and even to phobia. The interplay of light and dark can take to the the creative activity of contemplative or theatrical visible radiation. Luis Barragan advocates the usage of what he calls half-light â€Å" designers are burying the human demand for half-light the kind of visible radiation that imposes a tranquility, in their life suites every bit good as their sleeping rooms†¦ we should seek to retrieve mental and religious easiness and to relieve anxiousness, the outstanding feature of these agitated times, and the pleasances of thought, working, discoursing are heightened by the absence of glowering visible radiation † One of the few civilizations in which the design of such environments is prevailing is in Nipponese traditions. Quotation mark for in congratulations of shadows and illustration? Another manner to make topographic points of contemplation is to utilize diffuse or baffled light, bring forthing a degree of uniformity â€Å" contemplation is nourished by the deficiency of distractions †Metaphorical LightMetaphorical visible radiation extends the function of light beyond that of merely of disclosure, it denotes light that is used to raise a visions of a different vicinity, for illustration its can be used to as a representation of nature, film overing boundaries giving one the feeling that they are non in a interior scene. The usage of metaphorical lighting is vivid in the plants of artist Edward Hopper. In his painting New York Movie, Hopper uses contrasts in visible radiation to distinguish between the fanstay universe of the theater and the world in which the Ussher carries on with her mundane life. Steven Holl? Symbolic visible radiation is used as a representation of the immaterial and the discorporate, beyond that which is portrayed by the metaphorical, complex impressions such as life and decease. An powerful illustration of this is the Vietnam War commemoration in Washington D.C. The names of the dead are inscribed in the mirrorlike granite surface of the wall. The ever-changing contemplations of visible radiation and the environing remind us of our topographic point and temporal natural in this universe and therefore our mortality. For 1000s of old ages light has been associated with the religious aspects and seen as the manifestation of deity and the ethereal. Since prehistoric adult male visible radiation, the Sun have been connected to the scared, prehistoric worshipped the Sun physique memorials align to its summer solstice to honor it, as this was when its was its most powerful. Tombs were besides built with mention to the Sun, frequently align to confront the Sun rise on the summer solstice. The visible radiation of a new twenty-four hours and the lifting Sun gave hope of an after life â€Å" the natural linguistic communication of light and dark is a powerful one with which to show architectural significance † Specific coloring material besides hold symbolic associations. Many of these are reasonably obvious, nevertheless these initial associations over clip have lead subsequent associations or can take on bring on different connexions. The corporate findings from a figure of experiments have shown that many are cosmopolitan nevertheless there may be little fluctuations in different civilizations and faiths. Associations have from human experience, traveling all the manner back to early adult male. As discussed above aboriginal images etc have been stored in the human genome yesteryear on from coevals to coevals and contribute to our color perceptual experience. Eckart Heimendahl suggests that our color perceptual experience develops from three types of symbolism: ritual symbolism, traditional symbolism and aesthetic-emotional ( psychological ) degree symbolism, which fuse to give us our experience of coloring material â€Å" one of the most dramatic characteristics of the consequences refering perference, intension and colour-mood associatations is the consistancy from one person to another, from group to group and cross-culturally. There has been a great figure of cross-cultural surveies comparing topics in America, Lebanon, Kenya, Botswana, Greece to advert a few. Monkeies have been compared to Man, work forces to adult females, kids to grownups, layperson to designers. As another writer concludes, it would bespeak either that our heritage is such that we learn right responses, or that there is some unconditioned temper reaction to different colourss † ( Kuller 1981 p.164 ) The message a color conveys and therefore it psychological consequence is dependent on colorss chromaticity and the environment in which it sits. Even the slightest alteration it a hue nicety can change its significance. The materiality of the coloring material besides plays a important function in this procedure, which will be discussed subsequently. The followers will give and over the imagination and messages that the outstanding chromaticities are affiliated to. Red is a warm, exciting coloring material with both positive and negative associations. It positive intensions include the aforesaid heat due to its connexion to fire, every bit good as passion, strength, activity and love. Its more negative associations include fury and aggression, fierceness, although these have served a intent throughout history. An illustration of this in military, where red was used to alter head sets and convey a aggression. Red besides represent blood, which to some may portray an unfavorable message, can besides stand for life. This is possibly linked to early adult male who may hold concluded that blood gave life after seeing blood leave the organic structure a slaughtered quarry.Love?Red is the dominant and attending catching coloring material as its focal point point is behind the retina which give the feeling that it is stick outingpink?orange is a mostly positive coloring material and is by and large considered to hold really few negative intensions. Although less self-asserting than ruddy its is still vivacious and energetic, with lighter tone being heartening. Orange besides has connexions to nature reminding us of fall and sundowns. Brown is a darker tone of orange which once more has strong connexions to nature, motivating ideas of the Earth. As it is earthly is suggest security and stableness. However certain shadiness of brown may be less pleasant and drab and even depressing. Yellow is considered to be the ‘happiest ‘ coloring materials due to it aglow and beaming nature and therefore it tends to raise 1s liquors. Possibly its is most powerful and religious association with the Sun, and hence with visible radiation and life. Yellow was besides the coloring material of quicksilver in, best known for being the courier of the God, but was the God of commercialism and net income, every bit good as the God of the traveler, therefore xanthous can stand for religious enlightenment. Green focal point exactly on the retina and therefore is the easiest coloring material on the oculus. As a consequence viridity is loosen uping and reviewing. One of green major associations is nature and vigorous growing. Early rites were based around the exuberant viridity of flora and therefore is a symbol of nutrient and life, and as a sequel in Christianity represents hope and immortality. Green besides has important spiritual value in Islam where it is regarded as a holy coloring material. In blunt contrast certain fluctuations of green can convey a message of mold and decay and as a consequence decease. Depending on its place between xanthous and bluish viridity has different consequence, a green closer to yellow will look to be more stimulating where as blue green appear ice chest and more tranquil Blue like green is loosen uping and retiring, but appear cooler than green although darker tones appear to experience heater. Materialtiy besides affects its comparative heat, a dark blue, thick rug will non arouse a cold feeling. Blue induces feelings of composure and as a consequence contemplation and due to its obvious connexion to H2O bluish gives expresses cleanliness. However if non used right bluish can be cold and dejecting every bit refered to in the phrase â€Å" I have the blues † . Bluess symbolism has a figure of cultural fluctuations. In Rome blue was the coloring material of a philosopher robe and reflected wisdom. In China bluish symbolises immortality and sanctity to Hebrews.purple/violetwhite symbolises many positive things, architecture it prompts a sense of openness and freedom, a white infinite will ever experience more expensive, nevertheless if the part of white is to greater it gives a sense of emptiness. From a multi-discipline position, white conjures images of cleanliness, pureness, artlessness and peace. In Asia white is the coloring material of mourning but in a positive manner, as the believe that decease on this Earth is the beginning of a better life.blackGreyOver and under stimulation In footings of of both physiological and psychological factors the balance of stimulation is of import in supplying the right environment. Both over-stimulation and under-stimulation can hold inauspicious affects on our wellbeing and the overall feeling of a infinite. For an environment to be most good a balanced assortment should be kind. â€Å" Balance is the securing of integrity thick assortment. Both assortment and integrity are required to prolong involvement, and these opposing forces must be balanced. Assortment is necessary to pull and elicit involvement ; integrity is indispensable to make a favorable feeling and desires. Variety overdone is confounding and unpleasant. Unity overdone is humdrum. The grade of coloring material agreement is cognizing where to halt between these extremes † Exposure to an excessively complex visually helter-skelter environment or highly monotony, whether it be through coloring material, form or contrast can consequence us physiologically by triping alterations in rates of external respiration, blood force per unit area and pulsation, therefore lead to increased emphasis degrees Over stimulation can bring on an addition in musculus tenseness and is believed to increase 1s susceptibleness to infection which can take to ulcers and coronary disease. Surprisingly dull under-stimulating environments can do additions in bosom rate. With no external stimulation one becomes more cognizant of there interior ego. Capable to persons mentally and nature if their idea, this can take to fear, anxiousness and hurt. On a psychological degree an under stimulating and therefore centripetal lack scene is known to take to a deficiency of concentration, restlessness and crossness. Under stimulation can besides take to perceptual experience upsets. â€Å" It can non be stressed plenty that the balance between integrity and complexness is the first and most of import regulation in the design in good environments † However in certain state of affairs it can be the interior decorator nonsubjective to make infinite which are under exciting. It infinite may be design as a religious and brooding infinite which encourages one to look inside themselves for enlightenment†¦ To understand the extent of visible radiation and colorss consequence, we must see it on its ain every bit good as the how it reacts and relates to its environment. Our knowledge of visible radiation and coloring material can be mostly influenced by how they contrast with there surroudings. There a figure of different contrast relationships which alter the manner perceive and distinguish:Light-Dark ContrastIn its simplest footings this is the contrast between light and shadow. But can besides mention the to difference between elation of colorss, but the contrast is most outstanding in the neutral i.e. when no chromaticity is involved. Light dark contrast can be utile for distinguishing infinite. However excessively great a contrast will do ocular weariness and strain.Chromatic-Achromatic contrast.Uniting the chromatic with the neutral will change the sensed strength and brightness of the chromatic coloring material. White and gray niceties weaken a colors brightness and therefore can be used to neutralize. On the other manus black addition a colours brightness.Complementary ContrastComplementary contrast occurs between two coloring material whic h are every bit different as possible, location straight face-to-face on a coloring material wheel. Each complementary contrast has its ain alone characteristic. For illustration a contrast between orange and bluish gives the greatest warm-cool definition and a yellow-violet contrast give the most intense light-dark contrast. Effect/importanceIntensity contrastDescribes the contrast between colorss of the different impregnation. Intensity contrast is best used when a when little sum of pure coloring material are used as an speech pattern amongst muted colorss, which give a peculiar characteristic accents while keeping the complete atmosphere of the infinite.Measure ContrastQuantity contrast is the relative relationship between the colorss in a infinite. The proportion of a peculiar coloring material dramas major function in set uping spacial definition and feelingFlicker Contrastlicker is a over stimulating contrast, happening when intense colors with similar elation or darkness are combined is a infinite. This type of contrast shows that the color has non been considered suitably, spark contrasts should be avoid. There are two other physiological contrast which besides need to be taken into history when measuring the impact of coloring material, consecutive contrast and coincident contrast. Coincident contrast is the phenomenon where by a coloring material will be perceived otherwise with a different foreground, background or environment. For illustration if a impersonal Grey is place on a environing coloring material background the Grey will look to hold a intimation of the complementary coloring material of the background coloring material. The perceive alteration is non world but is a consequence of 1s ‘colour esthesis ‘ . Coincident contrast does non merely impact chromaticity and impregnation but besides brightness. For illustration Grey will look lighter against a darker background Consecutive contrast is a phenomenon where by if one is subjected to a coloring material stimulation for an inordinate sum of clip an ‘after image ‘ of its complementary coloring material will happen. For illustration if one stares at a ruddy surface for a drawn-out period of clip so look at a white surface, the white surface will look to be bluish green. This ‘after-image ‘ is believed to be the consequence of weariness. The affect is impermanent but nevertheless can be upseting. e.g. ? â€Å" The physiological world is that the oculus requires any given give coloring material to be balanced by its complementary, and will bring forth it if it is non present. Complementary colorss besides provide psychological balance to warmth and imperturbability of coloring material. † The after image is a physiological consequence which indicates than utilize us of complementary colorss the the most effectual manner of making a harmonious infiniteSynesthesiaSynesthesia ( Greek, syn= together + aisthesis= perceptual experience ) is a neurological status in which the stimulation of one centripetal mode evokes a experience in another mode, or the crossing of two or more sense. Light and color non merely excite the sense of sight but arouses esthesiss in many other of the other senses through ocular and non ocular agencies.Percept of weightas a general regulation darker and more concentrated colors will look to be heavier and more dense than lighter and less concentrated colors. Warmer colors will besides look heavier than the ice chest ice chests if the same chromaticityPercept of volume and distanceThe lighter a infinite is the more unfastened it will be perceived to be therefore a infinite will look to hold a larger volume than a dark infinite. Within a infinite ig niter colorss, ice chest colorss and little forms will look to withdraw. With darker or more concentrated looking the protrude therefore doing distances seem shorter.Percept of temperatureit is widely believed that visually, coloring materials can change our perceptual experience of whether a room is warm or cool. Since the formation of the hypothesis several experiments have been observed which seem to turn out what was thought. One such illustration is described by Johannes Itten in his book The Elementss of Colour, is experiment illustrates a important difference in the temperature at an single felt cold in different colored room â€Å" Residents of the bluish green felt that 59 grades Fahrenheit was cold, where as the temperature had to fall to 52 grades Fahrenheit in the reddish-orange room before the topics felt cold † grounds from a corresponding Norse survey drew a similar decision, in which subjects set a thermostat four grades lower in a ruddy room compared to a bluish room. However trial besides showed that the consequence where merely impermanent and after a period of clip the effects begin to decrease.Percept of Taste and OdoursCertain colorss can arouse associations with gustatory sensations or odors. Colorss such as lavender, pale yellow and pink have pleasant associations with odor and colorss such as coral, soft yellow and visible radiation viridities are associated with pleasant gustatory sensations. These associations can be utile in industrial state of affairs to assist better unpleasant environmentsPercept of SoundGestalt psychologists such as Heinz Warner, Krakov, Allen and Schwartz have produced grounds that strong smell and gustatory sensation can change our perceptual experience of coloring material. It is suggested that strong gustatory sensation and smells make us more less sensitive to ruddy and more to green. On a similar note through coloring material association can be used to countervail loud environments. For illustration one may mentally link extremely concentrated warm coloring material with being loud, cool and low saturated coloring material holding the opposite consequence, therefore cool or low saturated coloring material can be used to assist countervail noisy environments â€Å" a noisy ambiance will be experienced subjectively as nosier or more annoying if pigment with glowering yellows or reds. Shrill and high pitched sounds may be offset by olive viridity †Percept of TimeSome research workers believe that visible radiation, coloring material and form can change our appraisal of clip. One theory is that subdued, humdrum infinites cause one to overestimated clip. Possibly this is related to boredom and under-stimulation. It is a common construct that clip passes more rapidly when 1 is basking themselves.Light, coloring material and our perceptual experience of infinite.â€Å" Space remains in limbo without light. Light ‘s shadows and sunglassess, its different beginnings, its opacity, transparence, translucence and conditions of contemplation and refraction intertwine to specify or redefine infinite. Light topics infinite to uncertainness, organizing a sort of probationary span through Fieldss of experience † – Steven Holl The manner we use and perceive a infinite is greatly influence by visible radiation and coloring material along with the factors described. Above the have the ability to specify boundaries and differentiate infinites. They provide orientation and consciously and unconsciously impact how we move through a edifice. Furthermore due to the synaesthetic esthesiss they induce as described above, visible radiation and coloring material alter the sensed dimensioning of a infinite. â€Å" Space, as we experience it in architectural scenes is a consequence of our full perceptual system. One sees the environment non with the eyes but with eyes-in-the-head-on-the-body-resting-on-the-ground † As we have found out light and shadow can be a powerful tool with which to uncover significance. However they besides play a major function in specifying our sense of infinite, if we manipulate light we alter our perceptual experience of architectural infinite. Before construction, walls, ceiling and floor, it was light which estbalished boundaries. At dark a ‘room ‘ for early adult male was defined by visible radiation admitted by fire, the appendage of which came when visible radiation faded into darkness.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Financial Statements Paper

Financial Statements Paper Financial Statements Paper December 11, 2012 Acc/280 Professor Kenneth Popp Accounting is a technique where a person/people create(s) reports of business dealings and records the fiscal infrastructure of the company. Three key activities of accounting are determining, communication and documenting. The main goal of these activities are to determine and properly document the activity which has had a fiscal effect (if any) on the organization and to assist in control, recognize danger, and make decisions. All activities are put into categories in fiscal words, as per their financial assumption, and placed in specific accounts in journals, and ledgers. This is the procedure of bookkeeping, which then allows the data created from bookkeeping to be utilized to produce correct and timely financial statements for the organization. Two key divisions of accounting incorporate managerial accounting as well as financial accounting. Managerial accounting assists people in dealing with their finances. It allows inner records to assist people in making decisions and then helping to predict the wants regarding their organization. Financial accounting helps outside people because it gives economic/financial details to them on whether or not their organization complies with laws, rules, and regulations. To know an organization, a person must first be able to understand figures. There are four fiscal reports that an organization produces: Income Statements, Retained Earnings Statements, Balance Sheets, and Statements of Cash Flow. Each one of the reports plays their individual part in being able to display what is going on inside the fiscal infrastructure of the company. An income statement- displays company revenues, expenditures, and net income or net loss of the company through a specific time period. Retained earnings statements- summarize any alterations in built up net income that has been reused for reinvestment in an organization. A balance sheet- states any possessions, debts, and stockholders’ equity of a firm by a specific date. A report of cash flows- summarizes the information regarding money arriving in (bills) and going out their door in (payments) throughout a particular period of time (Weygandt, 2008). Fiscal reports are a comprehensive approach to convey fiscal information to both internal and external people. Inner consumers, for example: a marketing manager, administrator, CEO, or CFOs, utilize information to reply to significant queries, for example â€Å"can we afford to give raises, or should we revisit selling a product or another (Weygandt, 2008, p. 6)?† Outer people, for example: a shareholders or lenders, utilize details to make decisions and assess any dangers of approving credit or financing funds (Weygandt, 2008, p. 6). They reply to such queries like- will the organization be capable to pay back any debt loaned to them? Financial reports have been created to satisfy requirements, and the details given in fiscal reports are stated in units of money as per the fiscal assumption, one of 2 key assumptions. The details that are given on the reports are usually

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on Red Bull Marketing Stragety

Red Bull’s Marketing Strategy Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 The Plan 4 Sharks in the Water 6 Product Implementation 7 Proven Competitive Advantage 8 Conclusion 9 Graph Outline Graph (1-1) Market share in percent of European held by Red Bull 7 Graph (1-2) Percentage of US market held by Red Bull and it’s (2) largest competitors 9 Executive Summary This report analyzes Red Bull’s strategies and shows how these strategies have enabled Red Bull to become very successful. Market Difficulties Currently, it is very difficult to enter the lucrative energy drink market and become successful. One of the reasons for this is because higher level of knowledge possessed by the consumers caused by the new health craze that has been occurring recently. More and more people are becoming more conscious of different ingredients in the foods and drinks they consume because of the health risks involved. Another reason for the difficulty in entering the energy market is the various types of competition. There are many types of competitors whether their energy products are liquids, solids or pills. Of course not all of these competitors are successful, but a consumer whom may be unaware of a popular energy drink could choose one of the competitors. Fortunately, Red Bull has overcome these barriers. The majority of new consumers become aware of Red Bull and it benefits by word-of-mouth. This tactic cannot be successful for every company, but it has been very successful for Red Bull. The Uniqueness What strategy has allowed them to be successful in today’s market and will that strategy allow them to achieve success in the future battle for market share? For Red Bull differentiation is â€Å"their claim to fame.† They are solely focused on making their product different from their ... Free Essays on Red Bull Marketing Stragety Free Essays on Red Bull Marketing Stragety Red Bull’s Marketing Strategy Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 The Plan 4 Sharks in the Water 6 Product Implementation 7 Proven Competitive Advantage 8 Conclusion 9 Graph Outline Graph (1-1) Market share in percent of European held by Red Bull 7 Graph (1-2) Percentage of US market held by Red Bull and it’s (2) largest competitors 9 Executive Summary This report analyzes Red Bull’s strategies and shows how these strategies have enabled Red Bull to become very successful. Market Difficulties Currently, it is very difficult to enter the lucrative energy drink market and become successful. One of the reasons for this is because higher level of knowledge possessed by the consumers caused by the new health craze that has been occurring recently. More and more people are becoming more conscious of different ingredients in the foods and drinks they consume because of the health risks involved. Another reason for the difficulty in entering the energy market is the various types of competition. There are many types of competitors whether their energy products are liquids, solids or pills. Of course not all of these competitors are successful, but a consumer whom may be unaware of a popular energy drink could choose one of the competitors. Fortunately, Red Bull has overcome these barriers. The majority of new consumers become aware of Red Bull and it benefits by word-of-mouth. This tactic cannot be successful for every company, but it has been very successful for Red Bull. The Uniqueness What strategy has allowed them to be successful in today’s market and will that strategy allow them to achieve success in the future battle for market share? For Red Bull differentiation is â€Å"their claim to fame.† They are solely focused on making their product different from their ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Evaluate the role that both emotional intelligence and gender play in Essay - 1

Evaluate the role that both emotional intelligence and gender play in influencing an organisations leadership style - Essay Example Moreover, understanding emotions involves how varieties of perceived emotions have different meaning such as angry emotions and their meaning. Lastly, managing emotions involves ability to regulate these emotions and responding appropriately to the perceived emotions (Robitaille and Union Institute and University, 2008, p. 28). Gender includes male and female; leadership has been a male-dominated area for a long time, forcing women to hold minority positions. According to Carli and Eaglya (2003, p. 808), leadership has been assumed to be a masculine task; however, the feminine qualities of co-operation and mentoring have been ignored. It is important to note that men as well as women can be effective in leadership as long as they portray good leadership qualities and adopt an effective leadership style. Needless to say, being more emotionally competent fosters growth in any given task, despite the gender. This essay will discuss the role played by emotional intelligence and gender in influencing an organization’s leadership style. Emotional intelligence is vital in leadership, as it assists the present leaders in dealing with the challenges that arise. According to Gruszka, Matthews and Szymura (2010, p.109), â€Å"intelligence represents an individual’s overall level of intellectual ability.† Needless to say, emotionally intelligent traits are on demand in organizations. According to Sykes (2008, p.3), emotional intelligence traits are vital in solving problems and making effective decisions when managing people in the place of work. Today, majority of organizations do not accept the dictatorial style of leadership, and therefore, leadership is evolving and adapting the democratic style of leadership. As a result, an empowered workforce exists, which requires a matching leadership style; it is rather evident that leadership effectiveness is determined by the type of leadership style used. Mis-using, under-using, or

Saturday, November 2, 2019

MILITARY TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN WWII AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM Essay

MILITARY TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN WWII AND THE GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM - Essay Example There have been several changes in technological, political and socio-economic arena during 19th and 20th centuries. The management strategies of all the governments in different governing bodies also undergone modifications. US military has also undergone significant transformation in these two centuries in general and post World War II period in particular (Flinor Sloan, 2008). The transformation is a continuous process and it will under go more so in future too. Based on the nature of challenges and foreign policies of other nations, US military transformation would develop its style. Earlier, the issue was World War II and several other nations were under colonial control of few nations, hence its strategies were different. However, with reduction in need for world wars and due to concentration on other economic issues, significant transformation occurred in recent years. The major challenge before all nations including US is terrorism. Military forces have to apply different app roach to tackle this deadly menace. At the same time, US military alone can’t tackle this challenge and it requires strong cooperation and coordination from other nations. Hence this necessitated the strong transformation of US military since World War II. The present essay examines the nature of transformation of US military, reasons for its transformation, various components of its transformation and future options. As discussed earlier, with the change in socio-political scenarios in USA and the remaining world, the priorities and objectives of US military witnessed a clear transformation. Hence it can be mentioned that socio-economic structural changes are one of the main reasons for significant transformation in US military since World War II period. The growing extent of global terrorism in the recent years led to change in US military style and structure. Especially after the attack of World Trade Centre in New