Analyzing the impact of Chinese FDI Africaa and Ghana Essay

Analyzing the impact of Chinese FDI Africaa and Ghana - Essay Example ping countries of the world to attract foreign direct investment as a way to spark production and manufacturing capabilities within the country, while hopefully benefitting the region as a whole in terms of economic development. Foreign direct investment is not easy to attract. Because such sources of capital often come from individuals or companies, stakeholders involved expect a reasonable return on their investment, along with management and control interests with minimal risk. This is even more important when the source of foreign direct investment comes from a country that must answer to the local taxpayer. In such situations, concessions will need to be made to insure that the investments are properly handled and become beneficial for both parties. Unfortunately, the developing countries of the world often lack the political stability to make this happen. In addition, there are logistical, cultural, and economic barriers that cause many investors to be hesitant when asked to provide direct aid to a particular country or region. In order to open up opportunities, countries such as those in Africa will need to examine existing economic policy and find ways to make investment in their countries more attr active moving forward. Ghana and Nigeria serve as the focus for this project because of the complementary economies. In addition, they are two developing nations that have seen recent success in attracting foreign direct investment. In order to provide a model for other developing nations to observe, it is important to determine the benefits that are being realized from these increased investments and what has been done to further spark the economic growth in the region. The country of focus, from an investment standpoint, is China. China has been willing to fund various projects within this West African region, in exchange for benefits received back home. The study discusses how the partnership is faring and what Ghana and Nigeria can do to attract

Hearts Essay Example for Free

Hearts Essay This case is about a company named Hearts ‘R Us. This company provides research and development for medical devices. According to the information provided the company is in its early stage and has no products in the market. They have developed a Heart Valve System that would be revolutionary in the market if is approved. Also there’s another company called Bionic Body that is a biological medical device company, they have another product that would work well with this new Heart Valve System. Therefore both companies decided to fuse by agreement. The agreement is as follows: $3.5 million preferred stock shares of Series A from Heart Company are sold to Bionics with a par value of $1 each. This transaction was completed on November 30, 2011, according to the information provided. This transaction gave Bionic specific rights: 1. Board Rights, 2. Mandatory Conversion right, 3. Contingent Redemption Rights. Additional Protective Rights, 5. Right of first refusal and Co-Sale Rights. The $3.5 millions of shares would be convertible in common stock according to the agreement when the IPO reaches net proceeds of at least $50 millions. It is stated that if on year five of the agreement the FDA has not yet approve the product to be in the market; the shares could be redeemed at its par value. Hearts R Us is a company that reports on a year basis and it’s planning to make an IPO soon. There are a couple of issues surrounding this case. First is an early-stage company that doesn’t have the financial stability and this might create trouble for further transactions. The only product that might be coming to the market still depends on a series of trials and the approval of the FDA. Since the company is just starting; all of its accounting transactions have being recorded to comply with the covenants of its outstanding debt. Furthermore they are not required to comply with SEC and are currently not doing so. Also theirs an issue of how to be done to register the Series A shares that have being sold to Bionic. Preferred Stock: A security that has preferential rights compared to common stock. †¢Participation Rights: contractual rights of security holders to receive dividends or returns from the security issuer’s profits, cash flows, or returns on investment. FASB has some guide lines of how companies should report or disclose information of their securities. 1.FASB: addresses disclosure of information about capital arrangement is in the FASB Codification 505-10-50-3. 2.Participation Right is contractual right of security holders to receive dividends or returns from security issuer’s profits, cash flows or returns on investments. †¢FASB Codification 505. An entity shall explain, in summary form within its financial statements, the pertinent rights and privileges of the various securities outstanding. Examples of information that shall be disclosed are dividend and liquidation preferences, participation right, call prices and dates, conversion or exercise prices or rates and pertinent dates, sinking-fund requirements, unusual voting rights, and significant terms of contracts to issue additional shares. An entity shall disclose within its financial statements the number of shares issued upon conversion, exercise, or satisfaction of required conditions during at least the most recent annual fiscal period and any subsequent interim period presented.

Causes And Effects Of Deforestation Sociology Essay

Causes And Effects Of Deforestation Sociology Essay Laurance (1999) stated that Tropical forests do far more than sustain biodiversity; they are homes to indigenous peoples, pharmacopeias of natural products, and provide vital ecosystem services, such as flood amelioration and soil conservation (p. 109). This shows that forest is very important to us but deforestation is causing all the forest to be cleared. What is deforestation? Deforestation is the act of cutting down all the trees in a particular area. Deforestation is carried out for some reasons. These reasons could be categorized into legal deforestation and illegal deforestation. Tropical forest takes up about six percent of the earth and a lot of problems could occur when all the trees are cut down. To this day, people are still debating on whether deforestation is appropriate or not. What are the causes and effects of deforestation? What is happening to the tropical rainforest now? We have always read news about Indonesia and the occurrence of forest burning almost every year. Why are they doing it? It had been reported that they burn the forests so that they will have a better land to plant palm oil. It acts as a fertilizer to the land because their plants died and converted into fertilizer. Even thought they did it to fertilize the land but it brought harm to the people who live around the country. Air pollution often happens in Malaysia because hazes are formed due to forest burning in Indonesia. Haze is an atmospheric phenomenon that causes the air around it to be misty and blurry. It brings harm to the people that inhale it. Therefore, the rate of people receiving treatment for illnesses caused by inhalation of haze increases every year. This shows that deforestation is causing a lot of effects on mankind and it is often shown on advertisement and newspaper; however, it seems that people are still not aware of the effects of deforestation. This research paper is discusses about the causes and effects of deforestation around the world. Many people are more aware of the effects than the causes of deforestation. This research paper is going to talk about the causes and effects of deforestation. Besides discussing the causes and effects of deforestation, this paper also argues about what can be done to save the forest too. Causes of deforestation One of the most common causes of deforestation is clearing out the forest to pay back the foreign debt of that particular country (Culas, 2006). Some country has a huge sum of foreign debt and they dont the capability to clear their debt; thus they clear out the forests so that the land they acquire later could be used for crop production. By planting crops that could be exported to another country, they could earn a lot and repay back their debt. This is why most countries choose to clear forests and focus on agricultural purposes. Countries that do not owe other countries any debt are less likely to take up deforestation or will have a lower rate of deforestation. Therefore, countries that are in a heavy debt should look for alternative ways that could gain them a better income instead of clearing up the forests. As I have mentioned earlier, tropical forests only takes up about 6 percent of the whole earth. If these countries continue to clear up the forests without thinking of the consequences, the amount of forests left on the surface of the earth would seriously decline. Another cause of deforestation is the increasing demand of land. Due to the increase of human population, certain countries are also experiencing an increase in the demand for houses. This leads to developers seeking more land to build houses on. Hence, developers clear up forests after forests so that the land they acquire could be used to build houses. Through the development of houses on forest land, they can sustain the population in that country. We dont have to look at other country. We just need to take a look at our own country, Malaysia. Forests in Setapak area were cleared up to build condominiums. Malaysia has the population of over millions and the demand for houses is very high. They choose to clear up the forests so that there would be more land to build apartments, condominiums, terrace houses and other housing structures. This shows that deforestation is the first option when it comes to fulfilling the demand for land. Besides fulfilling the demand of houses, the dema nd of oil has also leads to deforestation. Oil is widely used everywhere in the world now. When the demand for oil increases, lands are also needed for oil plantation. The absence of land made oil plantation a difficult task; hence, deforestation becomes the option again to gain lands. Trees were chopped down and the land is then used to plant oil palm so the demand for palm oil could be met. Besides meeting the demand of land, the weakness shown in the governments policies is also one of the causes for deforestation (Laurance, 1999). Ever since we were kids, we were always taught that there are rules when it comes to cutting down trees. Despite that, many people continue to violate the rules and continue to do illegal logging. Why is it that people constantly neglect the boundaries set up by the government and commit illegal loggings? This is because of the governments weak policies. Rules and boundaries were set by the government but there were no enforcement. Law enforcers are not strict and often neglect their duty when it comes to punishing individuals for violating the rules. For example, the law enforcers just releases those who have violated the laws despite catching them and witnessing them doing illegal logging. This does not help reduce deforestation but rather makes the matter worse. People will think that it is fine to do illegal logging since the law enforce rs, such as police officers, do not arrest those who violated the rules in spite of their crime. Such acts by those who work for the government will only promote further deforestation instead of stopping them. Soon, the trees in the country will gradually disappear. The effects of deforestation What are the effects of deforestation? One of the effects of deforestation includes affecting the habitat of the indigenous people. When deforestation happens, it gravely affects the indigenous people because deforestation contributes to death, illness, poorness, and culturl shock (Mitten, 1997). The indigenous people who live in forests seek their food from the forests and deforestation terminates their only means to acquire food. In addition, logging activities have become an easy way to earn money. Therefore, all the companies build their factory near the rivers. The waste products that were made while processing forest products would be dumped into the river; thus, polluting it. Indigenous people drink water from the river. As a result, they will get sick because of the dirty water caused by the factories. It can even cause deaths if it gets too serious. Besides that, the culture of the indigenous people that has been passed down from generations to generations will soon vanish w hen the indigenous people slowly decreases due to death. Cultural shock will occur and the history of the indigenous people will soon be forgotten. Besides harming the indigenous people, deforestation harms the wildlife too (Bonaudo, Pendu, Faure, Quanz, 2005). This is because around 80 to 90 percent of animal species live in the tropical rainforest. Imagine if all the trees were cut down, what will happen to the animal? It is without a doubt that the animals will lose their natural habitat and they will become extinct. Animals, such as pandas, refuse to breed when they are not in their own natural habitat. Therefore, the population if panda keeps decreasing as time goes by because their natural habitat is being destroyed due to deforestation. When deforestation happens, the animals lose their natural habitats and also their protective shield. This causes the animals to have some difficulty adapting to their new environment and as a result, the animals would refuse to breed. The extinction of these animals is guaranteed if they refuse to breed due to the destruction of their natural habitat. Our future generation will have to l ook at pictures or visit the museums in order to the animal instead of just looking at the animals in real life. Deforestation will soon cause the future generation to lose touch with the animals that exist now and they will only know them through knowledge passed down by their parents or by visiting a museum. Another effect of deforestation is climate change. Bala, Caldeira, Wickett, Phillips, Lobell, Delire, Mirin, (2006) stated that deforestation affects the global climate by releasing the carbon stored in the living plants and soils as well as by altering the physical properties of the planetary surface (p. 6550). Trees take in carbon dioxide that is released by human through respiration. Trees stored carbon dioxide to produce their own food through photosynthesis process. When the trees are all cut down, there will not be any more trees to absorb the carbon dioxide that is released by humans. Carbon dioxide will then be trapped at the atmosphere and temperature will increase. As the carbon dioxide in the air increases severely, so does the temperature. This will results in the phenomena known as global warming. When global warming happens, ice in the North Pole and South Pole will melt. This will result in an increase of sea level. The increase in the sea level will flood countries t hat are geographically situated in a lower sea level and these countries will disappear from the surface of the earth. Soon, all the land will be flooded and the countries will disappear one by one. What can be done? Deforestation has caused a lot of harm to the mankind. There are a number of actions that could be taken to reduce deforestation. For example, instead of cutting down trees to acquire new land, we can perform land reclamation. Land reclamation involves the creation of new lands from oceans or riverbeds. Besides that, government should enforce the rules instead of handling the matters leniently. The people who violate the rules should be fined or prosecuted. This serves as a warning to others so that they will stop their illegal logging and this could help save and preserves the trees around us. Every country should preserve their forests and plant more trees so that the biodiversity could be maintained. Discussion All in all, deforestation has caused a lot of devastating effects not only to the people but also the animals. Before understanding the effects, we need to find the roots of why deforestation happens first. As I have stated earlier, the causes of deforestation are the large sum of foreign debt, the increasing demand for land, and the weakness in the governments policies. Deforestation happens because the trees were cut down for crop production. With the production, they could repay back the debt. Besides that, the demand for land gradually increases as time goes by. This is because the increase in popularity has increased the demand of land to build houses. Moreover, the weaknesses in the policies promote deforestation instead of curbing them. This occurs because the government did not enforce the rules that were set and they did not take illegal deforestation seriously. Deforestation has done a lot of harm to the people and also to the wildlife. The most common effect is causing harm to indigenous people. Indigenous people live in forests and everything they do inside the forest is part of their culture. Deforestation causes the indigenous people will lose their home as well as their source for food. Deforestation will cause their culture to extinct sooner or later. The most precious aspect in a country is its original culture. If the indigenous people are extinct, there will be no more culture for that particular country. Besides harming the indigenous people, deforestation harms wildlife too. Most of the animal species live in the tropical forest. Not only does it act as a natural habitat for the animals, forests also act as a protective shield for the animals. When deforestation occurs, they lose their natural habitat and protective shield. Soon, they will be on the edge of extinction. When this happen, it will cause a loss in biodiversity and ou r future generation will have to know the animals through pictures. Another effect of deforestation is climate change. Trees act as storages for carbon dioxide that are released by humans through respiration. Trees absorb carbon dioxide for their photosynthesis process. If the trees were cut down, all the carbon dioxide will be released to the atmosphere and this will cause the temperature to increase. An increase in the temperature will result in global warming and global warming; in turn, melts the ice in the North and South Pole. This results in an increase of sea level. Therefore, lands that are positioned in a lower sea level will soon be flooded and disappear from the surface of the earth. After understanding the causes and effects, what can be done to curb deforestation? Every government should find another alternative way to boost their economy and repay back the foreign debt. Instead of cutting down the trees for crop production, they can try boosting the economy through the tourism section. This way, they can save the forest and gain profits at the same thing. Besides cutting down trees for more land, land reclamation can be taken to acquire more land. These methods are able to fulfill the demands for land as well as preserve the forest at the same time. Governments should also enforce the rules that were set for logging activities. People who violate the rules by carrying out the illegal logging act musr be fined or prosecuted. This acts as a warning to others so that they do not dare to do it again. Besides that, government could come out with other ways of punishing the people that violates the rules. As an overall, they must enforce the laws and regulations on environmental issues. Conclusion I chose to do this research on deforestation because I have read a lot of news on how deforestation do us harm and yet no one has done anything to stop it. I hope that this research paper could help people to do understand more on the causes and effects of deforestation. Besides that, I also hope this research will help curb deforestation and save the trees from being logged. By doing so, the biodiversity of the earth could be maintained and no harm would befall on humans. If deforestation continues to happen, there will be no more trees in the future. This will result in higher temperature, loss of biodiversity and more. Therefore I hope everybody will do his or her part in preserving and protecting the forest so that there is a better future for our next generation.

General James Longstreet :: essays research papers

Longstreet was born in Edgefeild District in South Carolina on January eighth, eighteen twenty one. He graduated from West Point in eighteen forty two and went straight to service. There he served until eighteen sixty one. He first saw action in the Mexican War, he was wounded in Chapultepec Mexico. For his services he received two brevets and the staff rank of a Major. He resigned his commission on June first eighteen sixty one and joined the Confederacy. He became a General in the Civil War. His nickname was Old Pete meaning sturdy and trustworthy. He led most of the major battles in Virginia including Bullrun, Freddricsburg, and Chickmauga. He was under Robert E. Lees command, and led the First Corps under Lee also. Longstreet was a General in Gettysburg. but lost because he did not follow Lees plan of action.Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle and that had the most casualties ever fought on American soil. He was blamed in the south for the loss of the battle at Gettysburg. Gettysburg was the most crutial mistake. Many things caused the outcome of the battle like Longstreets soldiers and officers got confused and were backtracking for half the day. Longstreet saw the union position as nearly impregnable. Lee saw believed his army was invincible. One of his officers Jeb Stewart went on a wild goose chase, he was sospost to inform Lee but didnt. Lee had no eyes and ears to tell him what was going on. After the war he befriended with Ulysses S. Grant and joined the Republican party. He was criticized by former confederates for losing the war and befriending with Grant and the Republican party. He served as Grants minister to Turkey. He also became a political apostate in the south. Later he served as a commissioner of the Pacific Railroads from eighteen ninety seven to nineteen o four. In the summer of nineteen o four he became very ill and was diagnosed with Rheumatism. His ear was also damaged and was forced to use an ear horn when spoken to. He traveled to Chicago for a cancerous right eye, his weight dropped from two hundred pounds to one hundred thirty five pounds.

Kallipolis: the City of the Ideal

Around the time of 380 BCE, a philosopher by the name of Plato wrote one of his most famous works: The Republic. Within the text of this dialogue, Socrates and his fellow conversationalists discuss a morally and socially sensitive issue: what, per se, is justice? Throughout the work, there were several definitions ranging from â€Å"the power of the strong† to â€Å"rewarding good and punishing evil. † To help bring clarity to their discussions, Socrates proposes that in order to discover justice as a concept, they must apply it holistically as opposed to an individualistic, circumstantial criteria.In order to accomplish this, the group imagines what the ideal city would be like. In this ideal place, there would be three classes of people (producers, auxiliaries, and guardians) which would told they have have a corresponding metal which makes up their soul. Bronze for the producers, silver for the auxiliaries, and gold for the guardians. Each class would be determined b y individual merit in accordance with what tasks they best perform. For example, if a man is best at digging ditches he will dig ditches for the rest of his life.Additionally, the members of one class can only produce children with members of the same class. The citizens of this city (a total of around 30,000 individuals) would all share wealth, food, and shelter communally. Several core virtues such as wisdom (through the guardians), courage (through the auxiliaries), and moderation (through all classes dwelling together peacefully) will be emphasized to help preserve justice. Socrates emphasizes that the goal is to make a city as good as possible so that the populace is as content as possible.The end-goal is not just to make one person as happy as possible. As a pupil of Socrates, Plato's construction of this ideal city, named Kallipolis, was much more than hypothesizing about mortar and stone. For Plato, Kallipolis was meant to reflect two drastically different things on two tota lly different levels. On the baser level, Kallipolis' inclusion of human virtues just as justice and moderation mirrors the individual. On the other side, Kallipolis also represents the entirety of the cosmos with its realm of infinite possibly and wondrous ideals.To Socrates and Plato, this city was a sociopolitical organization which allowed citizens to achieve their potential, serve the state, and live according to the absolute truths which govern our existence. Unfortunately, the ideal Kallipolis is just that: an ideal. It may be all well and good to construct an ideal city in the mind, but unfortunately this utopian system lacks a firm foundation in reality. Kallipolis is a utopia: an imagined society put forward by its author as better than any existing society, past or present.Specifically according to Plato, Kallipolis is not just a better city, but rather is the best city. This makes creating Kallipolis impossible because there was nothing to from the real-world to model it self after. This is what makes construction of a place like Kallipolis to hard to even pragmatically imagine. It is not that obscure for one to even assume that in actuality, Plato never meant for Kallipolis to be a reality, but rather to have it serve as a goal for other poleis or nation-states to model themselves after.Plato planned for the society described in his Republic to not just be a utopia, but to rather be the best utopia, making this ideal even more difficult to properly realize. If one were to look into his work, one would certainly see that Plato never advocates revolution or legislation to bring his Republic into existence. On the contrary, Plato knew that Kallipolis was an impossibility and that the Republic would only live on in the minds of those who read his works.His message was that if all individuals (be they king, peasant, or representative) were just, the ideal city would exist. Thus, people must strive on their own to better themselves if they ever wish to b ring about a better society overall. This is the beauty of Plato's theorem: it is impossible for this utopia to fail because this city is only actually meant to exist as the hypothetical dream of an aging philosopher. Because of this, Kallipolis was able to evade some of the stubborn realities existent on Earth.The purpose for this city is not necessarily to exist, but rather to be the ideal which the contemporary cities (such as Athens or Sparta) and the ruling bodies (the people or the aristocracy, respectively) may be judged. Instead of looking at other countries, cities, and nations which dwelled in the real world to compare one's city to, Plato thought it would be best if a city was compared to the ideal, Kallipolis. Even in modern times, Kallipolis is a suitable standard concerning how a society made of of many different factions can live harmoniously.Personally, it is my viewpoint that this city is just for a community, but unjust for the individual. For this, I would not wan t to live in a governing system such as this. It is reasonable to assume that Plato's city might not be so â€Å"ideal† in the 21st century world of digitalized information and civil liberties. Through a primitive eugenics program, avid informational censorship, and telling a â€Å"noble lie,† Kallipolis' people do not so much choose what they wish to accomplish as much as they are conditioned to perform what tasks must be done.The individual rights of the people are cast aside for the sake of the â€Å"greater good† in a very utilitarian system which contains a harsh pragmatism in its application. One needs to look no further than Nazi Germany, Socialist Russia, Fascist Italy, or Communist China to see the problems with this worldview and the mindset it supported. The end game for Plato's Republic is not so much to have citizens who ponder life's deeper meanings, but to rather have mindless drones performing the tasks they were instructed to do.Yet even with th ese numerous infractions against the core of humanity, the ruling body of Kallipolis is incredibly legitimate. The guardians (who are more than qualified for their positions) rule both effectively and efficiently for the sake of the nation-state. Overall, they provide the proper protection for their people and preserve their well being. The guardians attempt to honor the welfare and well-being of all citizens by promoting justice, striving for class harmony, and defending their people within the walls of their ideal polis.However, the flaw lies not in the people themselves, but rather in the system they were placed into. After all, such a sense of loyalty to homeland is desirable, but the system's cost to individuality and free will is simply too much. All Men have certain rights ordained to them at birth by nature (or whichsoever deity a people worships) which include a right to life, a right to liberty, and a right to property. Socrates' and Plato's Kallipolis strips away its citi zens' rights to such things, such as when it dictates an individual's lot from the beginning.First, a person's life will be channelled into one of three categories. Second, (and based on the category) that person will instructed only on what they will be doing the rest of their lives. Finally, he or she will share all personal possessions with others, losing a sense of identity one moment at a time. Kallipolis, with all of its peaceful and harmonious benefits, eliminates certain rights which were made self-evident long before Socrates or Plato ever lived. The elimination of those rights is unacceptable and ought not be tolerated.

Qu son las visas no inmigrantes y su problemtica

Qu son las visas no inmigrantes y su problemtica Las visas no inmigrante permiten a una persona extranjera visitar, estudiar, invertir o trabajar por un tiempo determinado en Estados Unidos. La regla general es que los extranjeros que quieran entrar temporalmente en EEUU necesitan un visado, si bien existen excepciones. Las visas no inmigrantes se distinguen de las visas de inmigrante, que se convierte en tarjetas de residencia en el momento en que la persona que viaja con una de ellas sellada en su pasaporte ingresa legalmente a los Estados Unidos. Quià ©nes no necesitan visa para visitar temporalmente los Estados Unidos Para estancias como turistas inferiores a los 90 dà ­as los ciudadanos de cualquiera de los paà ­ses amparados bajo el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas pueden entrar a EEUU sin visado. En la actualidad de entre todos los paà ­ses de habla hispana sà ³lo Espaà ±a est incluido en ese grupo de naciones. Estas personas necesitan rellenar electrà ³nicamente una ESTA antes de iniciar su viaje. Si es rechazada su solicitud, debern a la oficina consular correspondiente y solicitar una visa. Adems si la estancia es por razà ³n de trabajo o de estudios sà ­ debern contar con el visado correspondiente, aunque vayan a permanecer en EEUU por menos de tres meses. Tampoco necesitan visado los ciudadanos canadienses, salvo excepciones muy limitadas, como haber violado previamente su estatus migratorio, ser el cà ³nyuge de un residente legal permanente o de un ciudadano americano que quieren adquirir la green card. Y lo mismo aplica para los ciudadanos del territorio britnico de Bermudas, siempre y cuando su estancia sea inferior a 180 dà ­as. Por à ºltimo, los ciudadanos mexicanos y residentes legales permanentes en el paà ­s azteca que viven junto a la frontera estadounidense pueden cruzar a Estados Unidos utilizando la Tarjeta de Cruce de Frontera, conocida como visa lser, que debe ser expedida por una oficina consular en Mà ©xico. Todas las personas no incluidas en los grupos anteriores necesitan una visa para visitar, estudiar, hacer negocios, recibir tratamiento mà ©dico o trabajar temporalmente en EEUU. Ejemplos de visas no inmigrantes Mà ºltiples tipos de visas estn incluidas en esta categorà ­a, destacando: B1/B2, de turista, placer o negocios.C1 para trnsitoC1/D para trabajar en crucerosF1/M1 de estudiante o vocacional.G4 de empleados de organizaciones internacionales con sede en Estados Unidos como el FMI, la ONU o la OEA.J-1 para profesionales en situacià ³n de intercambio, acadà ©micos, nià ±eras, etc.O para personas con habilidades especiales en las Artes, el Deporte, la Educacià ³n, las Ciencias o Negocios. Algunas de estas visas de no inmigrante son consideradas como de â€Å"intencià ³n doble† o double intent en inglà ©s. Esto es, permiten que el extranjero entre temporalmente en EEUU pero es perfectamente là ­cito que busquen al mismo tiempo convertirse en residentes permanentes legales. Entre esas visas se encuentra, por ejemplo,  la H-1B y las L. Hay que tener muy claro que en en el caso de visas no inmigrantes el oficial  de inmigracià ³n en el puerto de entrada puede denegar la entrada al titular de una visa visa no inmigrante vlida si sospecha que la persona extranjera busca en realidad quedarse permanentemente en EEUU. Una vez en EEUU,  ¿se puede extender el plazo de estas visas? Sà ­, mediante el formulario I-539. Cada visa tiene sus propios requerimientos para solicitar la extensià ³n. Una delas ms sencillas de solicitar es la del visado de turista B1/B2. Cà ³mo se solicita una visa no inmigrante Depende del tipo de visado e incluso en algunos casos de la oficina consular que deba tramitar la peticià ³n. Sin embargo, para todas ellas quedarse ms tiempo del permitido  tiene consecuencias muy serias.    ¿Debo estar presente para solicitar la visa? Salvo excepciones muy concretas, como por ejemplo aplicar por una G-4 para trabajar en organizaciones internacionales, todos los solicitantes con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 79 aà ±os debern acudir en persona al consulado el dà ­a que se les cite para una entrevista. Los menores o mayores de esa edad podrn, por regla general, utilizar los servicios de un servicio de mensajerà ­a aprobado por la Embajada para realizar todas sus gestiones.  ¿Quà © pasa si la solicitud de visa es denegada? Aproximadamente, el 22 por ciento de las solicitudes de visas son rechazadas. Las causas pueden ser calificadas en dos grandes categorà ­as: inadmisiblidad e inelegibilidad. Estas son 20 causas por las que las visas no inmigrante pueden ser no aprobadas  por ser inelegible  . Adems, hay  22 razones que convierten a un extranjero en inadmisible para ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Frente a las causas de inelegibilidad no hay nada que hacer salvo que la causa que provoca el problema desaparezca. Por el contrario, en algunos casos ser posible pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso, para subsanar el problema causado por algunas causas de inadmisibilidad. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este test sobre visas  para garantizar los conocimientos mà ­nimos para sacar la visa y conservarla sin problemas de cancelacià ³n.

Free Essays on Bill Budd

to describe Billy that is probably the most popular one, â€Å"Handsome Sailor.† By this stereotype he suggests a kind of natural strength, beauty, and cleanliness of himself internally and morally. The descriptions of Billy are also infused with Biblical symbolism that emphasizes his innocence and sinlessness. Billy is described as Adam before the Fall. It was the serpent that tempted Eve in the Garden of Eden, promi... Free Essays on Bill Budd Free Essays on Bill Budd Billy Budd Before the Fall, Adam and Eve were perfect. They were innocent and ignorant, yet perfect, so they were allowed to abide in the presence of God. Once they ate a piece of fruit off the Tree of Good and Evil, however, they immediately became unclean as well as mortal. In Billy Budd, the author, Herman Melville, presents a question that stems directly from this original sin of our first parents: Is it better to be innocent and ignorant, but good and righteous, or is it better to be experienced and knowledgeable? I believe that through this story, Melville is telling us that we need to strike some kind of balance between these two ideas; we need to have morality and virtue. To illustrate his theme, Melville uses a few characters who are all very different, the most important of which is Billy Budd. Billy is the focal point of the story and the single person whom we are meant to learn the most from. On the ship, the Rights-of-Man, Billy is the center of attention among his shipmates; a leader, not by authority, but by example. All the members of the crew look up to him and love him. The first couple chapters introduced the main character and place him in the environment in which the story is to take place. Melville does not introduce Billy Budd until later on in the first chapter. He uses the first part of the chapter to set up a series of images of Billy, kinda to describe him instead of just coming out and telling who the character is. He used a couple words to describe Billy that is probably the most popular one, â€Å"Handsome Sailor.† By this stereotype he suggests a kind of natural strength, beauty, and cleanliness of himself internally and morally. The descriptions of Billy are also infused with Biblical symbolism that emphasizes his innocence and sinlessness. Billy is described as Adam before the Fall. It was the serpent that tempted Eve in the Garden of Eden, promi...

Scotland Culture essays

Scotland Culture essays Scotland is a foreign region in the United Kingdom with much culture and heritage. The history of Scotland goes back many years and can be looked at as an evolved system where culture is the foundation of all of society. Because culture is the learned set of practices, beliefs, values, and rules for proper conduct and material objects that are shared by members of society, one can only want to look further into what makes the Scottish culture so unique. There are eight regions withing the Scotland territory. These include Aberdeenshire and Grampian Highlands, Central Scotland, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness and Highlands, Orkney and Shetland Islands, South West, and West Coast. The land mass of Scotland is about 78,133 km2. The weather in Scotland is the main topic of conversation from January until December from one end of Scotland to the other. Rumors abound that it is always raining, always below freezing and always under seven feet of snow. However, one thing you can be sure of is the weather is changeable and local to the extreme - it can be raining at the front of a house and not in the back. There is a local saying that says if you don't like the weather just wait 'a wee whiley' and it will change. Basically December, January and February is winter. The spring months of March and April can still be cold but generally not too bad. Summer comes early and June gives Scotland dark for just one or two hours between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m., and then the sun is out again. July and August can be very hot, sometimes too much so and misty and humid. By September things cool down and it is usually quite warm enough to head to the beaches. Autumn is generally excellent weather for walking right through t o November. However, a word of caution - dark comes very quickly on the mountains and what starts off as a walk up a mountain can turn into a lesson in survival very quickly. For most, family in Scotland was the only sense of s...

How does Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go fundamentally differ from Essay

How does Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go fundamentally differ from traditional retellings of Frankenstein, and how does this difference shed light on the anxiety of the contemporary moment - Essay Example However, the convenience demonstrated by the use of these items gradually evolves into dependence because human beings find it compulsory at some point in time and the world continues to evolve in information and communication technology. This discourse delves into analysing the differences between the work of Ishiguro and Frankenstein. People develop and feel a sense of major absence of information and communication technology when provided with a situation of working without gadgets. This comes into perspective closely in this paper as well. Analysis of Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro leads to an understanding that continued reliance of devices for operations makes people uneasy. People appear to be at ease with shortcuts offered by machines because it saves time while performing duties. The same people who depend on the devices are afraid of their inabilities to carry out their expected duties without the devices effectively. When the owner of a Smartphone discovers that the gadget is at home while he or she is at work, it makes him or her panic. This is because it dawns onto the owner that he is cut off from instant messages, from the internet, as well as all the digital maps. The user realizes that he or she will struggle to respond to questions, it will a tough task for him or her to find receipts, interact with people across the globe, and find it difficult to navigate highways. It means clearly that this person’s day becomes scattered with aimless intentions. The Smartphone user looses the regular connection as well as association that the small device creates. Surprisingly, the reliance of people on devices supersedes the use of other wants and needs. In other circumstances, the sense of connection claims duty for every aspect of sustaining life such as breathing and heartbeats. In Let Me Go, the view held by Haraway of the

The Philippine Revolution of 1896 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Philippine Revolution of 1896 - Essay Example To begin with, Joaquin (36) argues that the main reason why the uprising commenced was as a result of Aguinaldo’s success in the battlefield. He makes it clear that the defeat of Bonifacio dampened the spirits of the rebels and they subsequently quit and returned to their homes. It was the success of Aguinaldo that made them take up arms again and join the revolt. Therefore, the revolution would have died were it not for the successes of Aguinaldo. On the other hand, Ileto states that the Kaputinan led by Bonifacio started the revolution to free themselves from oppression. Bonifacio’s followers were made up of the lower classes such as the blue-collar workers while Aguinaldo’s faction was made up of the educated middle class. Even after his (Aguinaldo) surrender, the masses under the Katipunan continued to wage guerrilla warfare. In light of this, it is clear that they both agreed that no significant revolutionary or event has ever succeeded without the active support and involvement of the masses or involvement of different social classes. Thus, the Philippines revolution was pushed forward mainly by the masses (Ilustrados, provincial gentry, urban office workers, the urban working class, peasants) (Joaquin 36). But unlike Bonifacio, Aguinaldo did not realize the decisive role the masses had from the onset. It is only after his defeat that he came to acknowledge this concept. Even though the guerilla’s economic development was inferior compared to its oppressors, they succeeded and won major battles by only relying on the inexhaustible and vast power of the masses, arousing their freedom and revolutionary positiveness to annihilate the Spanish.  

Pharmacy Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pharmacy Application - Essay Example It made me wish that I could do something for the people I left behind in Vietnam or at least do something to honor their memory. Some time in 2010, I decided that in order to feel better about my good fortune, of having come to the land of plenty, I needed to give back to the community in memory of those ill people I left in Vietnam. My search for relevant part-time work led me to the Oak Park Regional Medical Center. For more than a year, I did assistant work in the Critical Care Unit Dentistry Department where part of my duties included assisting the dentists with paperwork, sterilizing their tools, filling water pitchers, cleaning out shelves and restocking supplies. While I was working there, I began to observe that the patients who were being treated also had the same complaints as the ones in Vietnam, the medicines were too expensive. But somehow they managed to afford it. I wondered if this case was the same everywhere in America. Then in 2012, I found myself fulfilling my dream of honoring the memory of my countrymen by volunteering at the Shawnee Medical Mission Center. This was the first time that I was exposed to the world of Pharmacy. Here I was tasked to do my part at the In-Patient Pharmacy. My duties here were more important than those that I did at the medical center. I was personally in charge of checking and removing outdated medicines form the supply shelves, as well as labeling medicines. I felt like I was in my element as I did my job there. It felt like the perfect fit for me. So I began to consider a career in Pharmacy. While I was contemplating this idea, I learned that my relative in Vietnam had developed a degenerative nerve disease and she could not afford her medication which only cost $.50 Vietnam cents. She died soon after her diagnosis because they could not afford to medicine. This was the catalyst that I was looking for. My relatives death pushed me to enroll in

Rituals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Rituals - Essay Example Despite so many differences the essence of marriage remains same in all religions and that essence is the essence of love and emotions that bride and groom hold for each other and the essence of starting a new life. Attending Christian marriages has always been of interest to me. Christian marriages and their rituals always seemed pleasing to me. The ‘dress’ of the bride, the ‘church’, the ‘vows’ and the ‘flowers’ always appealed me. I always knew that this ceremony holds a deep essence and the rituals performed during the ceremony were based on moral and religious principles. The curiosity to know what all the rituals in Christian marriages hold and what message does it give to the couple, their parents and guests made me interested to study their marriage, understand their rituals and critically comment on them. Belonging to a different religion and studying the rituals of a marriage from a different religion culture would give an opportunity to observe them critically, and to do this, attending a Christian marriage was important. Making a deep study by observation, gathering information from the practitioners and later consulting to what others have said about the rituals of Christian marriages would help to explore the essence and principles of this marriage. I was told that Christian weddings are expression of joy, worship, respect, dignity and love. What I wanted to examine in this wedding was how these emotions are expressed in this marriage and through what means. I was there at the wedding day. All the guests were invited to the church were the ceremony was going to be held, but this is something of pre-conceived information which I already had, knowing something beyond this was of my interest. I will start with the seating arrangement. Family relatives were sitting to the right side of the church. The

Define qualitative research, and consider its appropriateness to your Essay

Define qualitative research, and consider its appropriateness to your own educational research - Essay Example Qualitative research focuses on the collection of non-numerical data such as narratives and unstructured interviews. The qualitative approach is often associated with post-positivist, hermeneutic or constructive schools of thought (Evers and Walker, 2005: 42). Each of these approaches provides researchers with different paradigms or conceptions and views of research problems and methods. As a result, the conclusions generated from each of these methodologies are different. Accordingly, methodology deals with the methods and principles used in an activity, the researcher explain how he did the research, the methods of data collection, materials used, subjects interviewed, or places he visited. Give a detailed account of how and when he carried out his research. Explain why he used the particular methods, which he did use, rather than other methods. Once a person has decided upon a research topic, the next important step is to choose an appropriate method. He may decide on a qualitative study, collecting data by interview, or you may choose a quantitative method, carrying out a survey by means of a self-completion questionnaire. In order to have a good piece of research, a researcher must have a detailed plan of how the research will be conducted. A good research design not only will anticipate and specify the seemingly countless decisions connected with planning and carrying out data collection, processing, and analysis, but also will present a logical basis for these decisions. As a researcher, several different questions surface concerning which design to choose. The distinction between design and method must be made clear. The design is your plan, whereas the method is the means by which you investigate your research interest (Bassey, M. 1999, 24-26). One of the key decisions a researcher must make is how to operationalize their research study. Often, a researcher decision to choose

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 12

International Marketing - Essay Example omotion of goods and services and exchange of such goods and services among two or more international entities in order to satisfy organizational objectives (Arnold, 2003). In this paper, the international marketing strategies and practices of the leading US multinational carbonated beverage company PepsiCo Inc. will be analysed. The company is one of the largest producers of soft drinks in the whole world. Apart from carbonated soft drinks, the product basket of PepsiCo Inc. is diversified with various foods and snacks, packaged drinking water and fruit juices. The products of the company have reached more than 200 countries in the world. Such widespread business has enabled PepsiCo Inc. to capture the second largest position in the world in terms of revenue and in North America, it is the largest. The paper will explore the international marketing and operational strategies of this world-famous beverage company, PepsiCo Inc. In the next segment, the motivation of PepsiCo Inc for expanding their business internationally and accordingly differentiated marketing, sales and distribution strategies adapted by the company will be examined in details. As mentioned earlier, due to the liberalization of economies, many companies are showing their interest in expanding their business internationally and maximizing their profitability through serving a large number of customers beyond the home country. In fact, observations of the big multinational companies have indicated that immense business opportunities are lying in the emerging nations in terms of potential customer base and availability of cheap resources, utilizing which, the companies can be benefitted to a great extent (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). The reasons behind PepsiCo Inc to participate in internationalization process are as follows. PepsiCo Inc has been operating in the beverage industry in its home market, United States since 1965 and has evolved as one of the leading companies in the

Rituals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Rituals - Essay Example Despite so many differences the essence of marriage remains same in all religions and that essence is the essence of love and emotions that bride and groom hold for each other and the essence of starting a new life. Attending Christian marriages has always been of interest to me. Christian marriages and their rituals always seemed pleasing to me. The ‘dress’ of the bride, the ‘church’, the ‘vows’ and the ‘flowers’ always appealed me. I always knew that this ceremony holds a deep essence and the rituals performed during the ceremony were based on moral and religious principles. The curiosity to know what all the rituals in Christian marriages hold and what message does it give to the couple, their parents and guests made me interested to study their marriage, understand their rituals and critically comment on them. Belonging to a different religion and studying the rituals of a marriage from a different religion culture would give an opportunity to observe them critically, and to do this, attending a Christian marriage was important. Making a deep study by observation, gathering information from the practitioners and later consulting to what others have said about the rituals of Christian marriages would help to explore the essence and principles of this marriage. I was told that Christian weddings are expression of joy, worship, respect, dignity and love. What I wanted to examine in this wedding was how these emotions are expressed in this marriage and through what means. I was there at the wedding day. All the guests were invited to the church were the ceremony was going to be held, but this is something of pre-conceived information which I already had, knowing something beyond this was of my interest. I will start with the seating arrangement. Family relatives were sitting to the right side of the church. The

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 12

International Marketing - Essay Example omotion of goods and services and exchange of such goods and services among two or more international entities in order to satisfy organizational objectives (Arnold, 2003). In this paper, the international marketing strategies and practices of the leading US multinational carbonated beverage company PepsiCo Inc. will be analysed. The company is one of the largest producers of soft drinks in the whole world. Apart from carbonated soft drinks, the product basket of PepsiCo Inc. is diversified with various foods and snacks, packaged drinking water and fruit juices. The products of the company have reached more than 200 countries in the world. Such widespread business has enabled PepsiCo Inc. to capture the second largest position in the world in terms of revenue and in North America, it is the largest. The paper will explore the international marketing and operational strategies of this world-famous beverage company, PepsiCo Inc. In the next segment, the motivation of PepsiCo Inc for expanding their business internationally and accordingly differentiated marketing, sales and distribution strategies adapted by the company will be examined in details. As mentioned earlier, due to the liberalization of economies, many companies are showing their interest in expanding their business internationally and maximizing their profitability through serving a large number of customers beyond the home country. In fact, observations of the big multinational companies have indicated that immense business opportunities are lying in the emerging nations in terms of potential customer base and availability of cheap resources, utilizing which, the companies can be benefitted to a great extent (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). The reasons behind PepsiCo Inc to participate in internationalization process are as follows. PepsiCo Inc has been operating in the beverage industry in its home market, United States since 1965 and has evolved as one of the leading companies in the

Cooking at Home and Eating in a Restaurant Essay Example for Free

Cooking at Home and Eating in a Restaurant Essay Modern life becomes more and more comfortable, but we are busier and busier with our job, with our business. We don’t have time to prepare and cook meals at home. Someone prefers to eat fast- food or eat food in a restaurant, but some one still prefer to eat at home. Eating out or eating at home has also advantages and disadvantages, so which one is better? Cooking at home is similar to eating in a restaurant in many ways. Despite of cooking at home or eating out, we have to pay money for our food or spend our time to cook or to go to the restaurant to eat. For example, instead of spending your time to cook, you have to drive to go to the restaurant or sometimes you waste of time to looking for the parking. We also can taste the dishes we like even though we eat at home or at a restaurant. That is a period of time which your family enjoy eating after a long day with hard worked. With your family’s meal, everybody can talk together, tell some funny stories, or share their jobs. However, there are several differences between eating at home and eating out. Home-cooked meals are always healthy. The food at the restaurant may contain high in fat, high calories and other ingredients which are very harmful for the health. If you cook food at home, you have more control over the ingredients, and you can select the ingredients that you like. Furthermore, eating at home saves you so much money compared to eating in restaurants. Eating out are usually more expensive than cooking at home. In restaurants, they often serve big plates of food. They are too much more food than you need to eat at one meal and the money you spend can add up. For instance, with the money for a meal in a restaurant, you can buy food for the whole week for home-cooking. You can shop at cheapest markets, and look for sale items. Eating in a restaurant is also advantage way. Many people are very busy with their jobs outside the house, so they dont always have time to cook. They like the convenience of eating out. For many reasons such as some one is not very good at cooking, or they like international cuisines or different meals, eating out is the best thing. Cooking at home has a disadvantage that is cooking at home also requires your time. You spend your time to prepare everything like you choose and buy ingredients for cooking your meals. After that, you have to wash dishes and clean up the kitchen. However, eating at home is one of the best ways to enhance the relationship inside your family. Life is busier and people dont have much time to share their time together, even though they are in a family. Eating at home is all members of your family sit around the table and enjoy the dishes that your mother and you prepared and cooked. In your family, when all you prepare and cook meals at home together, you feel warmer and happier. Eating at home and eating in a restaurant are different in many ways, but they have several things in common. It is difficult for us to prefer to. Both eating at restaurants and cooking at home can be satisfying. Both of them can taste good and be enjoyed with your family and friends. I prefer cooking at home because of the money and health issues, but people will make the choice that fits their lifestyle best.

The Language And Power English Language Essay

The Language And Power English Language Essay Language is a very significant thing in our life. Therefore, it can be either empowering or disempowering relying on how its used and who is using it? The reason of my paper is to discover the diverse dimensions of the relations of power and language. First, I shall talk about two different types of power of the language. Then, I shall quote, discuss, and illustrate a piece of an interview that concentrates upon how unequal power practiced by unequal encounters has a correlation with the use of the language. Moreover, I shall distinguish between three types of constraints that appeared through discourse. Then, I shall analyze and exemplify a small text from the media to show how the uses of vocabulary, grammar, and the textual structures have a significant role as a hidden power in discourse. Additionally, I shall analyze a short extract to show how social struggle in discourse occurs. Finally, I shall give my conclusion. According to Norman Fairclough the power of the language can either appear overtly or covertly and categorized into two types: power in discourse and power behind discourse. Power in discourse is found where relations of power are applied and performed in face-to-face spoken discourse, power in cross-cultural discourse in which contributors belong to various ethnic groups, and the hidden power which is located in the discourse of the mass media. Power behind discourse works with how arrangements of discourse as dimensions of the social orders of social institutions or societies are themselves formed and composed by relations of power. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 36) Let us start our discussion with a type of power in discourse in terms of face to face discourse where the encounters have unequal power. Text 1 is an extract from an interview transcript of Larry King with Chris Brown, Browns attorney (Mark Geragos), and Browns mother (Joyce Hawkins). Some indicative keys to help the reader in reading the script such as, a dot (.) means a short cease, three dots (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) mean longer cease, and the two square brackets are overlapping and interruption. We need to know that powerful participants have several devices, which can be used in order to practice a control over less powerful participants such as, interruption, enforcing explicitness, controlling topic, formulation, and turn taking. (Fairclough, Ch. 5, pp. 112-113, Text 1 in appendix) In text 1 we can see how King practices control and power over Brown, his attorney, and his mother. He controls the topic, and he is in a position that allows him to practice his power through posing intricate and critical questions. King interrupts Brown five times- in (11), (29), (35), (58), and (69) and one time he interrupts Hawkins in (45). King here is not doing all these interruptions just because he wants to. However, he is enforcing explicitness to make Browns meaning clear by asking things like in (3), (4), (5), and (6). Also, he overlaps and interrupts Brown in order to control his statement and to make sure that his answer is truthful and unambiguous because King knows that Brown has amnesia, for example, in (28) and (29). (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 38 Text 1 in appendix) Furthermore, King exercises his power even over Browns attorney; in (11) (what did you pleadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ explain, quickly, Mark, what he pled guilty to.) It is clear that he has full control over the situation and over everybody involved in the discourse which we notice it in the way the turn taken is managed. King has the authority to select the next speaker. In conversation between unequal participants, turn-taken rights are unequal too. (Fairclough, Ch. 5, p. 112 Text 1 in appendix) Moreover, we can see the way in which King is overtly repeating Browns answers in (4), and (5) (possibly) and in (25) and (27) (its fair) as if he is asking him are you sure? Also, it seems to be that King is evaluating the time that Brown and his mother (Hawkins) went through such as in (3) and (19) (this had to be the worst period of your life), (especially with all this pain youve had in your life). Another point is that Brown and Hawkins are put in the spot in the series of questions of turns (43), (45), (47), (49), (53), (55), (57), (68), (70), (72), and (74). The questions compose a tactically ordered series which makes Brown and his mother hesitate in their answers, which associated with many longer pauses in (44), (46), (48), (56), (58), (71), (73), and (75). (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 38 Text 1 in appendix) In addition, we notice that King is using an excessive amount of interrogative sentences. Some of the questions were formed grammatically negative such as in (33) (The sentencing judge, as I understand it, has not lifted a protective order the court imposed on you in connection with Rihanna. That means you cant be with her?), (39) (But you cannot go together?) and (73) (No, well, lets say could you conceive of that down the road?) this type of questions makes Brown look guilty, looser and deserve what had happed to him. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 38 Text 1 in appendix) Now, let us consider some constrains that donate specific linguistic forms. According to Fairclough, text 1 shows three types of constrains in: contents, relations, and subjects. In terms of contents (topic), Brown is accused of beating his fiancà © Rihanna, and he is trying to clear himself in front of King and the rest the world, also his mother insists that Brown has never been an aggressive individual and his attorney trying to explain to King the status of Brown at this moment. We can see how the formality of the situation applies a specific kind of attitudes and particular types of vocabulary. Also, in terms of relation, we can see the social relation between the encounters is very formal; King represents a professional relation to his guest, Nevertheless, Brown is the son of Mrs. Hawkins, so their relation ship is intimate (mother and son). Furthermore, in terms of subject position, King occupies a reporter position who is exercising his authority over Brown, Hawkins, and Geragos, Brown is accuser, and Geragos is an attorney. Notice how King has the right to ask questions, whereas, his guests have only obligation to comply and answer. As well, we can see that these constraints received from the conventions of the discourse type which is being derived from. Consequently, we come to say that power in discourse is to do with powerful participants controlling and constraining the contribution of non-powerful participants, and can indirectly constrain them by selecting the discourse type. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 39 Text 1 in appendix) Now, I shall consider another type of power in discourse. It is the hidden power in mass media. This kind of discourse engages members who are separated in place and time. Actually, mass-media discourse has a very neat nature. Its power relation is usually covert and engages hidden relations of power. The main different thing between face-to-face discourse and media discourse is the one-sidedness. In media discourse, there is a strong separation between producers and interpreters- maybe because media product has the nature of a commodity, between producers and consumers. Medias text is designed for mass audiences, which mean for everybody because it is hard for the writer to specify his audience. Therefore, media discourse has created into it a subject position for an ideal subject. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 41) The journalist in text 2 exercises power over readers in that he has full rights and can therefore, decide what is contained and omitted, how events are appeared, and even the subject positions of their spectators. Look at the interrogative question in (A) (Does Chris Brown have amnesia?); the writer is engaging and positioning his readers in a certain way to answer the question (yes or no). Furthermore, the title is in bold to pull all readers attention to the more important sentence. The use of clear agent in the first sentence (A) makes us focus on Brown himself and his incident. In the second part of the text (B), the writer omitted purposely the name of Browns ex-fiancà © (Rihanna) to avoid dragging the audience attention. Moreover, the use of the negative grammatical form in (B) (No, I dont. Its like, its crazy to me) and in (C) (Im in shock, thats not who I am as a person. And thats not who I pride myself on being), shows the readers that Brown is not guilty, and he is not ha ppy about what he did due to his sickness. We can see how the writer is manipulating his audiences, he is exercising his hidden power by not telling directly that Brown is innocent, but he is covertly trying to convey his message by controlling his audience to make them come to a specific conclusion (Brown is innocent). (Fairclough, Ch. 5, pp. 103-5 Text 2 in appendix) Furthermore, we notice that the representation of Brown is another form of constraint on contents such, representations cumulatively stereotype famous RB singer and more generally the singer of favored public figures, and so constrain the meanings people attach to them. Once we read the article, we dont find that Brown obviously said to be innocent, and needs our sympathy. The process relies totally on an ideal readers ability to deduce that from the list of his answer. Brown expresses his shock of what happed, he cant remember what actually happen, he is concerned for his career, he is trying to rescue his reputation, he is trying to stimulate the readers sympathy and forgiveness, he wants his audience to feel pity for him. Nevertheless, this indicates that what are being constrained are not only contents but also subjects: the process presumes an ideal reader who will certainly make the right deduction from the list, in another meaning to have the right idea about who Brown is. (Fa irclough, Ch. 3, pp. 44-5 Text 2 in appendix) We have to know that not all photographs have the same effect. Journalists usually are clever. They make an ideal choice of a photograph that gives one image of a scene or a person from many likely images. The selection is very significant because different images convey different meanings. In the example (D), we can see our attention is drawn particularly by Browns eyes and facial expression; he is looking in the right side with a broken hart and sad face. Notice the clear function of the caption. It leads us to feel sorry, pity, and sympathy with him. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, p. 45 Text 2 in appendix) Medias texts have a particular way of positioning and directing the reader towards the side that they like. The hidden power of the media text can be the journalist, the editor, or other people whom we dont know, and it is always manipulative and covert. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, pp. 46) Our last text 3 is concerned with social struggle in the discourse. Power in discourse or behind discourse is not enduring and undisputed characteristic of any individual or social grouping. Quite the opposite, those who practice power at a specific instant, have to continually reemphasize their power and authority, and those who dont have power are constantly likely to seek for power. This is a fact, whether at the level of the specific situation, or in terms of a social institution, or in terms of a whole society. According to Fairclough power at all these levels is won, exercised, sustained, and lost during social struggle. (Fairclough, Ch. 2 3, pp. 28, 57) Let us illustrate text (3) which is a good example where a struggle is overt and clear. It is an investigation situation where the interrogator is questioning the pensioner about his involvement in a crime. There are numerous ways in which (P) practices more supremacy over the discourse than anyone might imagine, goes beyond his discoursal rights and does not complete his obligations. Firstly, he challenges (I)s questions three times (turn 2, 4, and 6) rather than answering them immediately. Secondly, in (2 and 6) (P) asks questions that are not related at all to the situation and go beyond it, conversely, (I) is not answering (P), but he is asking him another question in order to keep him in the track. Lastly, it seems that (P) shows no sign of cooperation. He appears to treat the investigator as a peer, and act as if the interrogation is a normal conversation (2, 4, and 6), nevertheless, (I) success in maintaining a lot of control over the situation. While the struggle at the situa tional level is over power in discourse, struggle at the other levels may also be over power behind discourse. (Fairclough, Ch. 3, pp. 57-9 Text 3 in appendix) To sum up, I think this discussion was really useful and productive. At my work, I usually practice my power through the use of language because it can be used as a perfect instrument for practicing a power over others. For example, my pose exercises his power over me and I exercise my power over other employers who are under my authority. Accordingly, as I said at the opening of this essay language can either be empowering or disempowering depending on various reasons. It is wonderful what language can do. Appendix Text 1 Chris Brown appeared on Larry King with his attorney and his mother, Joyce Hawkins, who insists that Brown has never been a violent person. KING: Its Chris Brown exclusive, right now next, on LARRY KING LIVE. Good evening. With us tonight on LARRY KING LIVE are Chris Brown; his mother, Joyce Hawkins; and his attorney, Mark Geragos. Chris entered a guilty plea on June 22nd a deal that allowed him to avoid jail time. He pled guilty to felony assault after a widely publicized incident with his girlfriend, Rihanna. A second felony charge, making criminal threats, was dropped. And Chris was sentenced to five years probation and six months of community labor. We thank you all for coming. How are you doing? BROWN: Im good. Thank you. KING: This had to be the worst period of your life. BROWN: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Possibly, yes. KING: Possibly BROWN: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Yes. KING: Are things calm for you now? Are you into it? BROWN: I think its more a relief now that everything is kind of all said and done as far as like what I have to do and emà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦whats going on. I think its no more .. no more media frenzy for them to kind of blow out of proportion anymore. KING: So youre glad its over? BROWN: Yes. KING: What did you plead explain, quickly, Mark, what he pled guilty to. MARK GERAGOS, DEFENSE ATTORNEY: Assault, basically, was what it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a felony assault charge; sentenced to five years of probation; as you said, 180 days of what Judge Schnegg calls community labor. And he has to undergo a domestic violence program for one year. KING: And five years means youve got to be like perfect GERAGOS: It means he walks the straight and narrow for five years. And as Judge Schnegg said in court yesterday, shesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. shes a tough task master, but shes fair. KING: Were taping this a week before it airs, so its airing on this night, but that was yesterday, meaning last Tuesday. GERAGOS: That was. KING: And before we get into the meat of everything, Chris, how have you handled all this, Joyce? JOYCE HAWKINS, CHRIS BROWNS MOTHER: Its probably the most painful time of my entire life. Its been hard, really hard, seeing him going through the pain and everything that hes gone through, dealing with the media and dealing with the situation. Its been really hard. KING: Especially with all the pain youve had in your life. HAWKINS: Yes, along with that. KING: Which well get to later. But the labor-oriented service, what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. what does it mean you have to do, Chris? This is back in Virginia, right? BROWN: Yes, back in Virginia. KING: What do you have to do? BROWN: I think they want me to do anythingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. anything from picking up trash on the side of the street, washing cars, graffiti removal, I mean anyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.anything. But its the law, so Im willing to do whatever they want me to do. KING: Is it fair? BROWN: To me, possibly everything comes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. everything comes with consequences. So I feel like definitely it is. And I have no misjudgment on what the judge has has has given me. So Im willing to do anything they ask. KING: So you feel its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ its fair? BROWN: Yes. KING: Yes. The judge was very specific. She wanted labor involved in the punishment. BROWN: Yes. KING: What did that mean to you when she said that, hard work? BROWN: Hard work, yes, definitely. And Im a very hard worker, so that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ thats kind of .. I wouldnt say second nature, but its definitely something that Im willing to to do. As far as the actual what I have to do, I felt personally that, as far as not saying as as a celebrity, because I dont exclude myself and try to become like, oh, Im a celebrity so I shouldnt be punished. But I feel like with with what Im capable of doing as far as influencing people, influencing kids, the youth, I can do a lot more to help the community other than picking up trash. But I dont Im not saying picking up trash is something wrong. Im willing to do it. But Im just saying, I know I can do a lot more, which I intend to do, aside from our community service. KING: The sentencing judge, as I understand it, has not lifted a protective order the court imposed on you in connection with Rihanna. That means you cant be with her? BROWN: No, I cant. I cant communicate. Nothing. KING: Do you think thats fair? BROWN: Its kind of hard, definitely, because being her being my friend for so long and us being being that close of a friend, its kind of like, wow, like, not being able to see or talk to that person is kind of kind of difficult. And but its its also hard because were both in the same industry. We do we go to the same events. We KING: That you can do, right? BROWN: Yes, I can go to the same event. We havent (INAUDIBLE) KING: But you cannot go together? BROWN: Not not at all. We have to be like 10 yards away from each other, but I just feel like its harder, because were always in the same vicinity, and it leaves more because we have the protection order, it leaves more room for error. It leaves more room for people to start rumors and start start more stuff, like, oh, theyre together. Theyre not supposed to be together. And and it just kind of leaves more room for for problems. KING: You have to be real careful, right, Mark? GERAGOS: Yes, more than careful. I mean there was an incident a supposed incident in New York where the two of them unbeknownst to each other because they dont talk to each other are rumored to be at the same hotel. So before before we even verify it, I just tell him, move. So, you know, its almost Ive kiddingly joked, we almost have to put GPS chips into the two of them to figure out where the other one is at all times. KING: How well do you know Rihanna, Joyce? HAWKINS: Ive known Rihanna for four or five years. And KING: Do you like her? HAWKINS: erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I like her, yes. KING: When the incident happened, how did it hit you? HAWKINS: Like I said, emà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I was devastated. I was really upset about the situation and really felt reallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦em.. bad about this whole situation really KING: Were you shocked? HAWKINS: Very shocked. Very shocked. KING: Well get into all of it. During the sentencing, the judge said she was not immune from the chatter on the airwaves about meetings between you and Rihanna. BROWN: Yes. KING: Now, obviously, it upset her, right? BROWN: Yes. KING: Do you understand that part? BROWN: Yes, I understand that totally. Of course, like, the media, like Im not saying this media but the media, as far as like the the the immature media, you know KING: Immature media? BROWN: The immature media. I feel like its high school sometimes, how people just pride theirself on personal business. But like I feel like they they spun a lot of the stuff out of control, as far as with with the judge, with a lot of things, because everybody reads the newspapers. Everybody reads the blogs. Everybody reads stuff like thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦emà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦So its easily influenced when theres something thats already stated like it happened. KING: But what happened happened. BROWN: Yes. KING: And you were involved in what happened BROWN: Yes. KING: So you have to accept the consequences. BROWN: Definitely. GERAGOS: You know, the difference in this case and Ive been through a number of cases where there was media attention the difference in this case is the aftermath of the incident, where there was repeatedly just false stuff that would be printed. And major newspapers would put out things theyre they spent the weekend together here or they spent the weekend together there, which was just false. They werent even at one point, they said the two of them had spent the night together in one location. She wasnt even in the country. KING: Simply put, when was the last time you had contact with her? BROWN: Its been a couple months, because I think thats when the actual stay away order was in effect. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦So from there, we havent had contact at all. KING: Do you love her? BROWN: Definitely. KING: In love with her? BROWN: erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦em..Definitely. KING: Would you spend a lifetime with her? BROWN: Would I spend a lifetime well, erà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I mean, emà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Im 20, so KING: No, well, lets say could you conceive of that down the road? BROWN: em.. I yes. KING: Well be right back with Chris Brown, Joyce Hawkins and Mark Geragos. Dont go away. Text 2 Media Text Does Chris Brown have amnesia? That sure looks like it when the RB singer spoke for the first time in public about the incident that rocked the entertainment world a few months ago When asked whether he remembers beating up his ex-girlfriend, Brown replies: No, I dont. Its like, its crazy to me. Im like, wow. Brown adds, When I look at the police reports or I hear about the police reports, I dont know what to think. I just dont know what to think. Its just like, wow. I just look at it like, wow, Im in shock, cause first of all, thats not who I am as a person. And thats not who I pride myself on being. (D) Text (3) Transcript from the series Criminal Minds was shown on Friday 1st January 2010, at 21:30, on MBC Action. It was an investigation between a prisoner and investigator: The investigator is showing some pictures for several dead girls. (I): Investigator: Why did you kill these girls? (P): Prisoner: Would you like to see a trick? (I): Investigator: How many girls did you kill? (P): Prisoner: pick a card. (I): Investigator: Where did you bury them? (P): Prisoner: Do you ever smile? It is hard to trust a person who does not smile.

Globalization and Culture Preservation Essay -- Globalization World Cu

With every passing day the world is shrinking, and the globalization process is taking place. Advances in communication, transportation, and computer technology have all played a role in making the world a smaller place. With the right equipment, people can talk to friends and family from the other side of the world. Traveling from America to Europe, which once required days at sea, now only takes hours in the air. Computer networking and fax machines allow world businesses to conduct negotiations within a matter of seconds. Images and personas such as the McDonalds’s golden arches and Mickey Mouse are recognized worldwide. When Saddam Hussein was captured, nearly every country knew about it within a matter of hours. Yet, while globalization is taking place, it is not doing so without dispute. Many countries, in fact, feel threatened by Western culture and consequently, are acting out to preserve their own identities. Differences in currency and standardized measuring u nits indicate hesitancy and possibly even an inability for people to accept the conformity of a singular global society. Also, characteristics of different cultures are in such a way unique that to alter them or blend them into other cultures would, in some people’s opinion, destroy both of them. After all, one would not expect to find tacos served in Italian restaurants, nor would one expect pasta and breadsticks to be the major selling items in Mexican restaurants. So, while globalization is taking place on different levels, fundamental differences in culture and pride in one’s own heritage both exist as strong forces preventing the emergence of a homogenized world society. As mentioned, technology is one of the strongest forces driving ... ...Japan Tries to Defend Language Against English Invasion.† Agence France Presse. 18 August 2002. 29 December 2003. . 3) Anonymous. â€Å"Japanese Spirit, Western Things.† Economist. 10 July 2003. 29 December 2003. . 4) Pesek Jr., William. â€Å"Vietnam Embraces Globalization on Own Terms.† Manila Times. 21 November 2002. 29 December 2003 . 5) 2) LaFranchi, Howard. â€Å"Why More Students Are Studying Abroad.† Christian Science Monitor. 19 August 2003. 29 December 2003 . Bibliography Globalization. Global Policy Organization. 29 December 2003. . Globalization and Culture Preservation Essay -- Globalization World Cu With every passing day the world is shrinking, and the globalization process is taking place. Advances in communication, transportation, and computer technology have all played a role in making the world a smaller place. With the right equipment, people can talk to friends and family from the other side of the world. Traveling from America to Europe, which once required days at sea, now only takes hours in the air. Computer networking and fax machines allow world businesses to conduct negotiations within a matter of seconds. Images and personas such as the McDonalds’s golden arches and Mickey Mouse are recognized worldwide. When Saddam Hussein was captured, nearly every country knew about it within a matter of hours. Yet, while globalization is taking place, it is not doing so without dispute. Many countries, in fact, feel threatened by Western culture and consequently, are acting out to preserve their own identities. Differences in currency and standardized measuring u nits indicate hesitancy and possibly even an inability for people to accept the conformity of a singular global society. Also, characteristics of different cultures are in such a way unique that to alter them or blend them into other cultures would, in some people’s opinion, destroy both of them. After all, one would not expect to find tacos served in Italian restaurants, nor would one expect pasta and breadsticks to be the major selling items in Mexican restaurants. So, while globalization is taking place on different levels, fundamental differences in culture and pride in one’s own heritage both exist as strong forces preventing the emergence of a homogenized world society. As mentioned, technology is one of the strongest forces driving ... ...Japan Tries to Defend Language Against English Invasion.† Agence France Presse. 18 August 2002. 29 December 2003. . 3) Anonymous. â€Å"Japanese Spirit, Western Things.† Economist. 10 July 2003. 29 December 2003. . 4) Pesek Jr., William. â€Å"Vietnam Embraces Globalization on Own Terms.† Manila Times. 21 November 2002. 29 December 2003 . 5) 2) LaFranchi, Howard. â€Å"Why More Students Are Studying Abroad.† Christian Science Monitor. 19 August 2003. 29 December 2003 . Bibliography Globalization. Global Policy Organization. 29 December 2003. .

Directing William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet

Directing Romeo and Juliet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a director in a production such as Romeo and Juliet is no easy task, and I enter into this paper with that in mind. My goals are to be creative, and do things differently from the many versions of the play we have viewed in class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of those directors took the original text, written by William Shakespeare, and turned it into a unique version of their own; unique in the sense that they changed the tragedy by taking out lines, conversation or even entire scenes to better suit that particular director’s needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a more extreme version of the play, directed by Baz Lurhmann, some of the weapons such as swords were replaced by modern day guns, but despite this he still managed to keep it all in context by cleverly placing words, or using other satire. With this paper I hope to produce my own unique version of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before I discuss my modifications to the play and how I would go about directing my own version, the way I see the relationship between Romeo and Juliet should be looked at. In my opinion, the couple isn’t genuinely in love. They feelings they have for each other is pure lust, rather then a deep passionate love. I find it unlikely that they can know each other well enough and on such a personal level to have a lasting, meaningful relationship. One minute Romeo is entirely in love with Rosaline and the next Juliet comes in to the picture and Rosaline goes out of his mind entirely. Shakespeare made note of this, by having Friar Lawrence state a question about Romeo’s short love affair with Rosaline. ‘Holy Saint Francis, what a change is here! Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear, So soon forsaken? Young men’s love then lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes.’ (2, 3, 65-68)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hatred between the Montagues’ and the Capulates’ are also working against the couple. While Romeo and Juliet are seemingly deeply in love, the rest of their families were continually battling it out, with death usually being the end result. How could two lovers keep a relationship together with so much violence and hated without totally abandoning their families? I feel that this is another example that the couple wasn’t deeply in love. This hate is shown with several â€Å"battle† scenes between the two families.

Indentured Servants Essay

Indentured servants were an important piece of establishing colonies in North America. They first arrived in America in the decade following the settlement of Jamestown by the Virginia Company in the sixteenth century (PBS, n.d.). The growth of tobacco and other crops created a tremendous need for labor in the early colonies. With this need came many changes, problems and unintended consequences of using indentured servants. The Beginning Indentured servants were colonists that exchanged several years of labor for the cost of passage to America and the grant of land (Tindall & Shi, 2013, p.38). The idea of indentured servants was born when colonists realized that they had a tremendous amount of land to care for, but no one to care for it. This became very prevalent when tobacco became profitable, as it was labor intensive and the need for servants was rapidly growing (PBS, n.d.). At this time the European economy was depressed, which left many laborers looking for work. The opportunity of new life in America offered hope; which explains how one-half to two-thirds of the immigrants who came to the American colonies arrived as indentured servants. (PBS, n.d.). Typically, an indentured servant would work for several years. This was in exchange for room, board, passage and freedom to America. Work as an indentured servant could be harsh, but if they survived they would receive â€Å"freedom dues† set by custom and law. This included money, tools, clothing, food and occasionally small tracks of land (Tindall & Shi, 2013, p. 75). Changes, Problems and Issues with Indentured Servants Indentured servants brought challenges to colonists from several prospective. First, simple supply and demand created issues with indentured servants – if the demand for labor grew, so did the cost of the servants.  These servants were not always brought willingly, so you dealt with the struggles of runaways and kidnappings. The servant’s masters would often whip them for bad behavior. There were high death rates, due to disease and exhaustion. Many servants did not live to the end of their terms. The ones that did live posed the most substantial issue for many colonists. When the indentured servants were free they posed unintended consequences for the already established colonists. They demanded political recognition, and land. (Tindall & Shi, 2013) They eyed and moved to the indigenous land that caused trouble for the colony, as that land was inhabited by the Indians. They started their own farms or pursued a trade, which allowed them to acquire servants of their own. Many colonists also felt threatened by freed indentured servants as they were competition for the land and future wealth for their families. The Decline When the prospects for upward mobility dimmed, indentured servants were willing and ready to participate in violent rebellions and to demand wealthier colonist’s property. The threat posed by the increasing number of indentured servants might have been one of the reasons this type of servitude diminished. (Dictionary of American History, 2013) Another reason for the decline of indentures servants what that many farmers and plantation owners began to rely on the labor of enslaved Africans. Slaves were more costly than servants, but they served for life and by the 1660s colonial legislative assemblies had legalized lifelong slavery (Tindall & Shi, 2013, p.75). Conclusion Indentured servants were an integral part of the early colonies. They provided a means to aid the farmer’s in providing labor to produce an abundance of crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo. Although, the job proved harsh, it provided an opportunity for depressed European’s to start a new life in the Americas. References Dictionary of American History. (2013). Indentured Servants. Retrieved from http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Indentured _servants. aspx PBS. (n.d.). History Detectives Special Investigations. Indentured servants in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/ Tindall, G. & Shi, D. (2013). America: A Narrative History. (9th ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company

Genetically Modified Food Should Be Banned or Not? Essay

Nowadays a problem of genetically modified food is widespread all over the world. GM foods are genetically modified using biotechnology. More and more GM foods appear on the shelves of our stores and supermarkets nowadays, and make their way into our kitchens. GM foods are designed for greater resistance to viruses and pests, higher nutritional value and longer shelf life. However, their safety, potential risks and ethical concerns are still being debated. So, should genetically modified crops be banned or not? Proponents of GM foods ensure that these foods are safe for human consumption, but critics argue that their effects have not been studied long enough. First argument for banning GM foods is that it badly affects our health and well-being. Some studies have linked consumptions of GM foods to liver and kidney problems. The antibiotics and hormones given to cows and chickens are found in our bodies and we don’t know yet the extent to which these cause chronic disease. Moreover genetic engineering could introduce allergens into foods, causing allergic reactions in people who eat the foods. Another argument is that GM food does not benefit people, just large corporations that produce and sell them. In the most cases the vegetables are modified to look better and be larger so that these companies can make more money. They do not add to the taste or freshness of nutrition of the food. On the other hand GM products along with disadvantages have their benefits too. A lot of people believe that genetically modified foods can help to solve the food crisis in future, and so help humanity to survive. Firstly, all of sorts of GM plants are stable against illnesses and mean weather. Also, GM food is cold tolerant. An antifreeze gene has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato. With this antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings. Secondly, they ripen fast and keep longer than usual plants. It is easier to transport them and keep fresh for a long time. In my opinion, genetic engineering should be banned because young generation will have different diseases because of eating unhealthful food. Of course, this is a huge industry nowadays that obviously can’t be stopped, but I believe that there are other ways to save people from hunger. References: 1. â€Å"Genetically Modified Crops Should be Banned† 2. Murphy, Tom. â€Å"The Arguments for and Against Genetically Modified (GM) Food. † N. p. , 15 06 2009. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. 3. Gray, Louise. â€Å"Ten tweets for and against GM†. Environment Correspondent 4:04PM GMT 24 Jan 2011 4. â€Å"Should Genetically Modified Foods (GM Foods) Be Banned? – Facts & Infographic†.

Capital accumulation Essay Example for Free

Capital accumulation Essay Nucleon should focus on contracting manufacturing for phases I and II and then for phase III focus on vertical integration of production to create greater economic value, therefore gaining and sustaining competitive advantage and producing the largest NPV. By contracting manufacturing, Nucleon will be able to focus on core competencies with no capital investments. Also, by vertical integration Nucleon gains sources of competitive advantage. Contracting manufacturing focuses on core competencies. Nucleon will have facilities and personnel in place to implement phases I and II, require no capital investments (reducing up front costs: Table 1), and therefore able to focus on clinical trials. As Hurt’s commented, â€Å"It’s important for us to get our products into the clinic before others do.† Vertically integrating increase NPV by 2002 and gains competitive advantage. Nucleon has high threats of opportunism due to uncertainty and complexity. There are over 200 other firms and Nucleon needs to obtain competitive advantage and then sustain this advantage. By integrating, Nucleon has good possibilities of raising funds, producing other products, and raising a larger income. Vertical integration provides a larger potential income for Nucleon in phase III based on NPV (refer to Table 1), while contracting manufacturing for phases I and II provide Nucleon with ability to focus on core competencies and thus producing the largest NPV by 2002 of approximately $20M. Performed well even in the recession. CEO believed that you need to have an effective strategy and right people to execute the strategy. The company has been able to gain competitive advantage, but can they sustain this advantage? Distinguishes us from other players in the M&A field, it’s that we stay in touch with the companies. 2001-Present Danaher focused on allocating decisions on the basis of return on invested capital (ROIC) Capital accumulation. (2016, May 30).

Why hotel firms choose to integrate both vertically and horizontally Essay

Why hotel firms choose to integrate both vertically and horizontally within the wider tourism industry - Essay Example The purpose of a business is to get and keep a customer. As hotel firms are dynamically evolving entities operating within a dynamically evolving environment, some means of evaluation of the way in which the two interact has to be found to enable them to be better matched. In order to achieve these goals tourism and hospitality industry choose to integrate both vertically and horizontally to meet the needs of their customers and achieve overall objectives. It should be mentioned that integration is development beyond the present product and market, but still within the broad confines of the 'industry' within which the company operates: for example, Sheraton and Crowne Plaza are diversified corporations, but virtually all their interests are in the consumer service industry. Integration both vertical and horizontal therefore builds on the assets or activities which the firm has developed in service or market terms (Nebel, 1991). 1.1. Vertical integration. Vertical integration is a broader term used to describe either backward or forward integration. Backward integration is popular in tourism and hospitality industry. It refers to development into activities which are concerned with the inputs into the company's current business (i.e. are further back in the value system). Backward integration is important for tourism and hospitality industry because it refers to development into activities which are concerned with a company's outputs (i.e. are further forward in the value system), such as transport, distribution, repairs and servicing (Powers, Barrows, 2002). 1.2. Horizontal integration. Horizontal integration refers to development into activities which are competitive with, or directly complementary to, a company's present activities. A lending library's extension into tourist information or video cassette material would be an example (Stutts, 2001). The acquisition of, or merger with, a competitor would be one way of achieving this, for example. The strategic logic behind horizontal development is typically to gain leverage or market power over suppliers or buyers. Higher volume generally confers greater scale economies in purchasing whereas larger product market share confers greater pricing power over customers. 2. The role of vertical integration in hospitality and tourism industry Backward vertical development is movement towards a supplier of resources used by the business. This might be an attempt to secure supply of a key resource or to gain a cost advantage over competitors by 'locking in' a supplier. Conversely, forward vertical development is growth towards the next stage in the supply chain by gaining an interest in a buyer of the company's outputs. In both cases, the strategic logic is to secure a foothold in the same supply chain to guarantee supply or distribution. This degree of vertical integration was unusual in an industry which had become characterised by specialist companies concentrating on just one of these roles. The company believed the strength of its philosophy was that one division could help out another when times got hard, as in the recession of the early 1990s. For example, although demand for low rate hotels had declined, but standard services had experienced strong. As a result, the low rate hotels h